Chapter 6

Question 1

Chauvet Cave (what was found there?)

Answer 1

The Chauvet-Pont-d’Arc Cave in the Ardèche department of southeastern France is a cave that contains some of the best-preserved figurative cave paintings in the world, as well as other evidence of Upper Paleolithic life.

Question 1

Blombos Cave (what was found there?)

Answer 1

South Africa- 70,000 years old. Before the Blombos artifacts were discovered, experts had thought that human creativity developed about 40,000 to 50,000 years ago, probably in Europe

Beuatifully falked tools. Precisely shaped by applying pressure with a pointed tool

Question 2

Lascaux (what was found there?)

Answer 2

Lascaux 600 painted and drawn animals and symbols and nearly

1,500 engravings. The

animals, including horses, red deer, stags, bovines, felines, and what appear to be mythical creatures

Question 3

Sungir (what was found there?)

Answer 3

2 boys 10-12 yrs old buried together

Question 4

Blade technology

Answer 4

Aurignacian -

Gravettian -

Solutrean

Magdelanian

Question 5

Paleolithic

Answer 5

relating to or denoting the early phase of the Stone Age, lasting about 2.5 million years, when primitive stone implements were used.

Question 6

Mesolithic -

Answer 6

Mesolithic -Mesolithic: Culture period after the Paleolithic and before the Neolithic. A period of the proliferation of many regional adaptations and an explosion of local cultural diversity.

Question 7

Neolithic

Answer 7

Neolithic Neolithic: The “New Stone Age.” In the past Neolithic was defined on the basis of the appearance of ground stone as opposed to chipped stone tools. Today, Neolithic refers to the period after 12,000 years ago when food producing through the domestication of plants and animals replaced foraging as the dominant mode of subsistence.

Question 8

Pleistocene

Answer 8

Pleistocene Pleistocene Epoch: Geological epoch beginning about 2.6 million years ago and, perhaps, ending about 10,000 years ago. Marked by a succession of colder periods (glacials) interrupted by warmer periods (interglacials).

Question 9

Holocene

Answer 9

Holocene Holocene Epoch: The recent and current geological epoch. The Holocene followed the Pleistocene and may represent a break with that glacial epoch.

Question 10

Order of Lithics

Answer 10

Upper third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age 50,000-12,000 years ago

middle - 250,000-30,000

Lower earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age 3.3 million yrs ago

Question 11

Aurignacian

Answer 11

Aurignacian - lithic tool technology associated with anatomically modern human beings in europe about 40000 years ago. Includes long narrow blade tools - use flint

Question 12

Gravettian -

Answer 12

Gravettian - Tool making tradition of the upper Paleolithic characterized by the production of small blades and denticulate knives dated from 27,000 to 21,000 BP

Question 13

Solutrean

Answer 13

Solutrean - Stone-toolmaking tradition of the european upper paleolithic. Dating from 21,000 to 16,000 BP, solutrean bifaces are often exquisitely made, symmetrical, leaf-shaped projectile points

Question 14

Magdelanian

Answer 14

Magdelanian - Late Paleolithic culture in Europe dating from 16,000 to 11,000 B.P. Magdelanian material culture included finely made barbed harpoons, carved decorative objects, and cave paintings.

Question 15

Megafauna

Answer 15

Megafauna - Very large animals; commonly used to describe the large, now extinct herbivores of the Pleistocene world.

Question 16

settlement pattern

Answer 16

settlement pattern - the pattern of land use

Question 17

logistical collecting

Answer 17

logistical collecting - A settlement-subsistence strategy that involves the movement of a group in a fixed seasonal round.

Question 18

spear thrower (atlatl) -

Answer 18

spear thrower (atlatl) - The spear-thrower is a straight rod or board with a hook at one end. The hook articulates with the end of the spear. The spear-thrower effectively increases the length of the arm of the individual throwing the spear.

Question 19

use of exotic raw materials

Answer 19

Personal adornments out of raw materials. took time & effort. Increase aware of identity

Question 20

production of art

Answer 20

developed in Upper Paleolithic

Question 21

Petroglyph -

Answer 21

Petroglyph - Designs etched into rock faces.

Question 22

parietal art -

Answer 22

parietal art - Art on the walls of a cave like the cave paintings of the Upper Paleolithic.

Question 23

mobiliary art

Answer 23

mobiliary art - Art that is portable. Mobiliary art made during the Upper Paleolithic includes Venus figurines, animal carvings, and geometrically incised bone and antler.

Question 24

Venus figurines -

Answer 24

Venus figurines - Upper Paleolithic sculptures of females, often, but not always, with exaggerated secondary sexual characteristics. Most date to a rather narrow time span of between 27,000 and 20,000 years ago.

Question 25

Hohle Fels Cave (flute) -

Answer 25

Hohle Fels Cave (flute) - bone and ivory, larger bone flutes naturally hollow bone of vulture 5 preserved finger holes fragments of two ivory flutes, first split ivory on long axis hollow out shaft glue back together

Question 26

grave goods -

Answer 26

grave goods - cultural materials placed into a grave sometimes in a conscious attempt to provide the deceased with items it is believed are needed in the afterlife

Question 27

-Evidence for the Coastal Migration into the Americas. Review sites, dates, and other evidence is used in support of this theory.

Answer 27

Archaeological discoveries show early human settlement along the northwest coast, and archaeological discoveries at inland sites show human occupation much earlier than the ice free corridor. Used together, this evidence supports a coastal human migration instead of an inland route into North America.

Buttermilk Creek Complex - Texas - 15,500

Meadowcroft Rockshelter -Penn. 12,800

Spearpoints and knives from the Channel Islands off the coast of southern California near Santa Barbara - 12.200

Question 28

-The “Peopling” of Australia. When, how, etc…

Answer 28

40000-50000 BP

genetics traced movements to first people in Australia

Arrows show proposed migration routes from Sunda (the combined land mass of the islands of southeast Asia) to Sahul (Greater Australia).

This pottery is found virtually everywhere Polynesians explored and settled after 3500 B.P. (Courtesy of Dr. Richard

The first peopling of Sahul (Australia, New Guinea and the Aru Islands joined at lower sea levels) by anatomically modern humans required multiple maritime crossings through Wallacea,

Question 29

-What is Sunda, Sahul, the Wallace Trench, and waisted axes? How do these things relate to the peopling of Australia?

Answer 29

Ssahul - Landmass linking Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea

Sunda - Landmass connecting much of SE Asia

Wallace Trench - Runs through Wallacea, separates flora and fauna of Australia from Asia

One possible route

• Humans would have had to cross Wallace line to get to Australia
• No evidence of H. erectus or Asian mammals in Australia

edge ground axis found in Australia

Question 30

-The “Peopling” of the Pacific Islands (Oceania)

Question 31

-Archaeology of Tasmania

Answer 31

Evidence of occupation 35,000 yrs ago -Wareen Cave & 30000 ORS7 site, Acheron Bone Bluff & Nunamira Caves

Kutikina Cave 75,000 stone flakes and tools from less 1% sample of site.

Question 32

Tool Technologies by Lower, Middle and Upper

Answer 32

• Lower Paleolithic (2.5 mya - 400,000 BP)
  – Oldowan
  – Acheulean
• Middle Paleolithic (400,000 BP-40,000 BP)
  – Mousterian
• Upper Paleolithic (40,000 BP - 10,000 BP)
  – Aurignacian
  – Gravettian
  – Solutrean
  – Magdelanian

Question 33

Upper Paleolithic

Answer 33

Blombos cave
warming trend - herbivores and carnivores
Specialized tools
Raw materials - stone, bone ivory, antler
Blade Tech - spear thrower, burrins, scrapers