Chapter 7 Flashcards
Megafauna - what happened to them
Large mammalian extinction. DNA - Due to environmental stress - climate change. Humans became better hunters of endangered species.
Berengia - Beringia, Bering Land Bridge
Vast land bridge between - Asia to N America
Stemmed points
Deborah L Friedkin - Texas - projectile points made from an elongated flake or blade with slight retouch on the proximal end to shape an acute tip and on the distal end to make a stem, which connects to a shaft.
Clovis
Fluted point type of the Paleoindians. Large, laurel-leaf-shaped stone blades exhibiting a channel or “flute” (as in a fluted column) on both faces to aid in hafting the stone point onto a wooden shaft. Clovis points date from about 13,200 to 11,900 years ago (compare to Folsom).
Cordilleran Ice sheet
major deglaciation about 14500 years ago, originated in rocky mountains
Denali Complex
Denali Complex - Denali Complex: A lithic technology seen in the Arctic consisting of wedge-shaped cores, microblades, bifacial knives, and burins. Dating to about 10,000 years ago.
Fluted Point
Fluted point- Fluted Point: Projectile points made by Paleoindians in the New World between about 13,200 and 10,000 B.P. The points exhibit a distinctive channel or “flute” (as in the flutes in a fluted column) on both faces.
Folsom
Folsom - Folsom: Fluted point type of the Paleoindians. Generally smaller than Clovis points, Folsom points are later in time than Clovis, dating to after 11,000 B.P. Folsom points are fluted, with the channels commonly extending nearly the entire length of the point (compare to Clovis).
Ice Free Corridor
Ice-free corridor - warmer periods connection between leurentide and cordillera broke apart, cant go through as soon as ice melted, no vegetation or animal life
Lapita pottery -Lapita
Pottery style known from the inhabitated Pacific islands
The decorated ceramics found in these sites have a characteristic style of decoration known as ‘Lapita’ (after the site at which these ceramics were first recorded, the Lapita site on New Caledonia) and also contain a range of artifacts manufactured from shell and stone, plain pottery and faunal remains.
Laurentide Ice sheet -
Laurentide Ice sheet - continental glacier, originated in north central canada, at its peak covered much of northern part of north America
Laurentide Ice Sheet, principal glacial cover of North America during the Pleistocene Epoch (about 2,600,000 to 11,700 years ago). At its maximum extent it spread as far south as latitude 37° N and covered an area of more than 13,000,000 square km (5,000,000 square miles).
Laurentide Ice sheet - continental glacier, originated in north central canada, at its peak covered much of northern part of north America
Laurentide Ice Sheet, principal glacial cover of North America during the Pleistocene Epoch (about 2,600,000 to 11,700 years ago). At its maximum extent it spread as far south as latitude 37° N and covered an area of more than 13,000,000 square km (5,000,000 square miles).
Melanesia
Melanesia - Melanesia: Islands located north of New Guinea in the western Pacific. Black islands of new guinea and smaller islands solomon bismarck archipelago santa cruz new caledonia vanuatu fiji
‘The island world of Melanesia—ranging from New Guinea and the Bismarcks through the Solomons, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia—is characterised more than anything by its boundless diversity in geography, language and culture. The deep historical roots of this diversity are only beginning to be uncovered by archaeological investigations, but as the contributions to this volume demonstrate, the exciting discoveries being made across this region are opening windows to our understanding of the historical processes that contributed to such remarkably varied cultures. Archaeologies of Island Melanesia offers a sampling of some of the recent and ongoing research that spans such topics as landscape, exchange systems, culture contact and archaeological practice, authored by some of the leading scholars in Oceanic archaeology.’
Micronesia
Micronesia - Micronesia: Small islands in the western Pacific, east of New Guinea. Small islands north of melanesia
Nan Madol is an archaeological site adjacent to the eastern shore of the island of Pohnpei, now part of the Madolenihmw district of Pohnpei state in the Federated States of Micronesia in the western Pacific Ocean.
australia
Polynesia
Polynesia - Polynesia: Islands of the central and eastern Pacific. Polynesian islands are volcanic in origin.
Through their excavations and analyses of artifacts and other recovered materials, archaeologists were able to develop a model of Polynesian settlement that demonstrated the eastward movement into the Pacific of ancestral Polynesians, located the “true” homeland of the Polynesians on the western edge of Polynesia
Microblade
Microblade - Microblade: Very small stone blade, often with a very sharp cutting edge. Microblades often were set in groups into wooden, bone, or antler handles.
Sahul
Sahul - Sahul: The land mass of “Greater Australia” including Australia proper, New Guinea, and Tasmania. Never connected to asia
Sunda - Sunda (Sundaland): The combined land mass of the modern islands of Java, Sumatra, Bali, and Borneo. These islands became a single, continuous land mass during the Pleistocene. Connected to asia
Wedge Shaped Core
Wedge-shaped core - Wedge-Shaped Cores: Cores shaped like wedges from which blades were struck; found as part of the Paleo-Arctic tradition in northeastern Asia and also found as part of the Denali Complex in the American Arctic.
Devils Lair
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Devil’s Lair - series of hearths stone and bone artifacts remains of kangaroos linked butchered eatedd by caves human inhabitants, radiocarbon dates before 32000 years ago as much as 38000 years ago,
Niah Cave
Pleistocene chopping tools and flakes, Neolithic axes, adzes, pottery, shell jewellery, boats, mats, then iron tools and ceramics and glass beads dating to the Iron Age
Bobongara Hill
symmetrical flaked and waisted axes have been recovered from archaeological
Nenana Complex
Nenana Complex - Nenana Complex: Perhaps the oldest stone-tool complex identified in Alaska dating from 11,800 to 11,000 B.P. Nenana includes bifacially flaked, un-fluted spear points.
Paleoindian
Paleoindian - Paleoindian: Period and culture in the New World dating from about 13,200 to about 10,000 B.P. Fluted points are the most distinctive element in the Paleoindian stone-tool kit.
Wallace Trench
Wallace trench -Wallace Trench: An undersea chasm located between New Guinea/Australia and Java/Borneo. Nearly 7,500 m deep (almost 25,000 ft).
waisted axe -
Malakununja II / Madjedbebe
Malakununja II / Madjedbebe - rock shelter northern part of australia country, initially excavated in 1973, researchers returned 2012-2015, thousands of quartzite silcrete mudstone dolerite flakes and tools at least 59000 closer to 65000 years ago on quartz crystals extracted from same layer,
Swan River
Lake Mungo
Lake Mungo - dry lake bed, lake mungo 1 cremated female after death burned bones pulverized 25% of skeleton recovered fully anatomically modern no large brow ridges or heavy butressing bone
Dyuktai Cave
Dyuktai Cave - occupied 14000 years ago,
Ushski Cave
Ushki Cave - small finely made stemmed bifacially flaked spearpoints, point form found small rounded triangle tear drop shape similar to chindadn
Cactus Hill
Cactus Hill - ancient settlement stone scraping tools stone blades about 15000 years ago
Kennewick - kennewick man
Kennewick - kennewick man washington state between 8400 and 8700 years ago closely relate to modern native people
Meadowcroft Rockshelter
Meadowcroft Rockshelter - one of oldest most deeply stratified site, six dares earlier than 12800 bp associated with stone tools near base of sequence sealed beneath rockfall dated 13400 bp 400 lithic artifacts blades knives retouched edges bifacial projectile point
On Your Knees Cave
On Your Knees Cave - evidence for human survival in costal route during late pleistocene even with glaciers, human skeleton found and dated about 10500 years ago diet of almost entirely marine food, isotope calculations similar to mammal carnivores like ringed seal and sea otter
Buttermilk Creek Site
Buttermilk Creek Site - 328 tools 12 projectile points and fragments bifacially flaked tools both plain stemmed and lanceolate stemmed spear points discoidal core sharpened flakes blades locally available chert lanceolate spear points found 250 meters upstream
Gault site - lanceolate spear points, osl date about 16000bp, wear patterns left on edges suggest butchering and processing hides and cutting wood, engraving tools
Paisley Caves
65 poops - In oregon. DNA from wolf & fox
Coppers Ferry
A hearth, pits, and animal bones including extinct horses
Spirit Cave
The Spirit Cave mummy is the oldest human mummy found in North America. It was discovered in 1940 in Spirit Cave, 13 miles (21 km) east of Fallon, Nevada,
Monte Verde
Wooden lances, stakes, long slender spearpoints, slicing tools
Topper Site
Topper is an archaeological site located along the Savannah River in Allendale County, South Carolina, United States. It is noted as a location of artifacts which some archaeologists believe to indicate human habitation of the New World earlier than the Clovis culture.
