Economy + Social in early 1920s Flashcards
What economy did Lenin promise when he came to power?
Socialist economy
Name the Phase Lenin created to transfer the economy between capitalism and socialism
State Capitalism
Name 5 things the Bolsheviks established to get a greater control of the economy
Nationalisation of the Banks in Dec 1917, External Trade in June 1918 Railways June/Sept 1918 Vershenka in Dec 1917 GOELRO 1920 to control electricity
Describe the problems with State Capitalism associated with workers
Workers organised factories ineffectively, give themselves pay rises and output shrunk
Workers would use resources to sell on the black market
State the bread rations in Petrograd in early 1918.
Early 1918 bread rations in Petrograd was 50g per day per person
How much of the city food consumed came from the black market?
Up to 2/3rds of food consumed in the cities came from the black market
How much of the Petrograd workforce left the city by April 1918
60% of the Petrograd workforces left the city by April 1918
Between January 1917-1919 how much did the Urban Proletariat drop?
Between Jan 1917-1919 the Urban Proletariat declined 3.6 million to 1.4 million
How many people died during the Civil War ignoring on the battlefield?
About 5 million
How many people died on the battlefield during the Civil War?
More than 350,000
When did a Typhus epidemic occur and how many did it kill?
1920
3 million
How often did Kiev change hands
16 times
What were the White pogroms?
Massacres of the Jews
Name the radical policy put in place during the Civil War
War Communism
What was set up to control the grain requisition and when?
Food Supplies Dictatorship May 1918
How did the peasants react to the Cheka who seized the grain, often more than the quota and for no money in exchange.
Peasants grew less grains and murdered members of the requisition squads
What was the first industry to be nationalised and when?
May 1918
The Sugar Industry
When were most the industries nationalised ?
Nov 1920
Private Trade and manufacture were banned. Workers freedom from the Nov 17 decree was removed and managers than were previously removed were reinstated
x
Describe the labour discipline during the CW
Strikes were forbidden, Working hours were extended and ration books replaced wages.
Fines were imposed for slackness and hard work was rewarded by bonuses.
In 1921 total industrial output had fallen to how much of its pre-war level
c.20 %
By the end of 1920 how much had the population of Petrograd and Moscow fallen compared to 1917.
Petrograd fell by 57.5%
Moscow fell by 44.5%
How much of the land was abonded to grass by 1920
1/3rd
What percentage of produce of the harvest of 1921 compared to 1913?
48%
What was the Russian Population in 1913 and 1921
1913- 170.9 million
1921- 130.9 million
