Dictatorship and Stalinism Flashcards
When was the Cheka set up?
set up in Dec 1917
When was the OGPU operating?
1922-1934
When was the NKPD set up?
1934
Name the 2 main periods of Terror
Chistka 1932-1935
Yezhovschchina 37-38
When were the Shakhty Trials?
1928
How many were executed from the Shakhty Trials?
What were they charged of?
5/53
counter-revolutionary activity
When were the Industriel Party Trials?
Who was involved?
1930
Random industrialists, Mensheviks and SR
When was the Metro-Vickers Trial?
Who was involved?
1933
Brit specialist accused of wrecking activity
When was the first major show trial?
19-24th of August 1936
Zinoviev and Kamenev involved
When were labour camps first built?
1918
What was the national network of camps and when were they set up
Gulags
1934
What decree was passed a day after Kirov’s death?
Yogoda, head of NKVD power 2 arrests and execute guilty of ‘terrorist plotting’
What rule was passed in January 1935?
death penalty extended 2 anyone aware of subversive activity
What rule was passed in April 1935?
children 12+ get = punishment as adults eg death penalty
When did Stalin’s 2nd wife commit suicide?
1932
Who did Nadezhda Alliluyeva support that Stalin disagreed with?
Bukharin
What occurred at the 17th Party Congress 1934?
title of general secretary abolished/ Replace with Secretary of Equal rank= S Kirov Zhdanov and Kaganovich
Name 5 reasons for state terror
Threat of Hitler The famine of 1932/33 Stalin idealised view as himself a hero = why he removes old bolsheviks Power of NKVD Death of Stalin's wife Secure loyalty +power
When was Martemyan Ryutin expelled from the party?
1930
What did Martemyan Ryutin circulate around the party in March 1932?
200-page document
‘Stalin and the Crisis of the Proletarian Dictatorship’
What was the Ryutin issue known as and what did it call for?
Pyutin Platform
Called for removal of Stalin
How was Ryutin and others treated?
Stalin wanted execution but overridden by Kirov etc
= Ryutin imprisoned 4 10 years,
Z K and 14 other expelled 4 not reporting doc.
What did Yezhov do?
What were his nicknames from Stalin and the public?
head of purges
S= my blackberry
P=bloodthirsty dwarf (1.5m tall)
When was Trotsky expelled from the USSR?
1929
When was Kirov killed?
December 1934
What % of the central commitee at the 17th Party Conference were shot and arrested?
70%
How many NKVD members were executed by the end of the 1930s?
c.23,000
In the years 1937-1938; how many were arrested?
8 million
In the years 1937-1938; how many were killed in the camps?
8 million
In the years 1937-1938; how many were killed in the famine?
7 million
How many were expelled from the party in 1932 and why?
22% as they were illiterate and inactive working-class and peasants
By 1934 how much of the Party was branded Ryuntinites and expelled?
1/5
When was the Stalin Constitution?
Who wrote it?
1936
Bukharin
Name some condition of the Stalin constitution?
and why did it fail?
socialism had been achieved USSR =
11 soviet republic.
Congress of Soviets= Supreme Soviets. 4 yearly elections for all over 18
Freedom of free speech religion and press
NOT UPHELD
The Supreme Soviet met a couple of days year.
1935-1938 the terror was responsible for how my death?
10m soviets
10% of the population
How many votes did Kirov get compared to Stalin during the 17th PC ?
Kirov=1225
Stalin=927
