economy and society Flashcards
What month was stalins birthday?
name of 2 soviet newspapers:
what was lenins declaration about art?
december
pravda and izvestiya
the purpose of art and literature is to serve the people
what rejected art of the past?
whad did lenin say the freedom in art was?
what playwright killed himself?what was his play ?about?
how many cinema tickets were sold in 1928?
the ‘avant-garde’
the freedom in art was “the freedom to elevate the masses”
Mayakovski-the mystery bouffe- the proletariat rising up and defeating the bourgeoisie
300 million
in ___ the soviet _____ __ _______ was formed
what did their work have to conform to?
famous playwright:
what did he praise before his death in ____?
what writer was exiled from the soviet union? when?
1934- soviet union of writers
socialist realism and the advancement of socialism
Maxim Gorky
the 5 year plans- died 1934
Solzhenitsyn expelled from soviet union 1974
The All Union cooperative of ________ __ ____________ ___ was formed in ____
soviet art in 1930s dominated by paintings of…
in ____ the ______ _____ __ _________ was formed. what was this best reflected in?when was it built? what was it designed as?
in ____ the ______ _____ __ _________ was formed. what did it regulate and ban?
what was music to be?
what was a popular form of entertainment and how was it used?
workers of representational art 1929
peasants on collective farms, industrial workers and images of stalin
1931 the soviet union of architects was formed
the Moscow metro
1935, built as a series of palaces
soviet union of composers, 1932, regulated music band banned certain types like jazz.
joyous and positive- symphonys to be in major key
cinema- stalin used it to inform the public about the 5 year plans through documentaries
How has life changed by 1940: industry
what industry has completely transformed by the 5 year plans?
how many new enterprises?
what did this allow the economy to do?
heavy industry
8,000
able to respond to the demands of the war
weakness in soviet industry:
labour:
prison:
experts:
lack of labour for the planned industrial expansion
9 million prison camp population- much of the industrialisation was down to prison prisoner labour
shortage of trained technical experts due to the mass terror
how has life changed by 1941:agriculture
farmers saw collapse in living standards
grain harvest of 1940 only equalled that of 1913
millions fled to urban areas in search of a better life
living and working conditions: consumer: wage: discipline: hours: absenteeism: permission: crowding: health
consumer industries continued to suffer as the focus remained on heavy industry
wage fell over the course of the 30s
conditions and labour discipline became more restrictive
absenteeism became illegal
working hours increased
workers needed permission to leave their jobs
overcrowding in major urban areas
regime placed a large emphasis on improving health of population as hospitals were built across the country
Religion:
mosques, synagogues, monasteries and churches were shut down
religious leaders were arrested and exiled
1940- 1% of churches open in 1917 were still open for worship
women:
what laws were made in 1920 by lenin?
what happened in 1930?
what decree was passed when?
what and when were new measures introduced?
how much did the birth rate rise?
laws against what were also passed?
was this effective at preventing divorce?
Harvard universities russian research centre found that…
legalising abortion, making divorce easier and expecting women to work
divorce rate was the highest in Europe and the soviet union experienced slowed population growth.
decree reversing lenins changes- family code 1936:
made divorce more difficult, made abortion illegal and criminalised adultery
1944, several measures to encourage women to have more children:
mothers of 6 children or more were to receive cash payments of 2000 roubles a year for 5 years.
25 per 1000 in 1935 to 31 per 1000 1940
homosexuality and prostitution
divorce and marriage rates fell similarly by 1940, so there was little change to marriage divorce ratio to that of 1934
education:
what change to education was made in ____
what was banished as a school subject and brought back by stalin? when?
how much did literacy rates increase and by what dates?
what was established in______? how many members by 1940?what did it allow people to do?
primary education was made compulsory for 4 years 1930
history- 1934
51%-88% 1926-1939
Komsomol- 1926
10 million
offered young people the opportunity to eventually become full members of the communist party, they were engaged in supporting the implementation of the 5 year plans
