Collectivisation Flashcards
Reasons for collectivisation: NEP Communists Mir Mechs
Robert Conquest
By 1928-Signs NEP failing
Communists wanted to abolish private property
Role of the Mir strengthened- Peasants reverted to conservative, inefficient harvesting methods
Mechanisation of agriculture would mean less people required to work the land and would move into industry
collectivisation was in part a war on remaining nationalist elements, particularly in Ukraine
1928:
What did Stalin call for?
What was the context that Dekulakisation took place within?
% of grain harvest requisitioned 1928
Stalin called for ‘a resolute offensive against the Kulaks’
Dekulakisation took place within the context of the early show trials beginning with ‘bourgeois specialists’
14%
1929:
What was the percentage of farms collectivised?
What was the grain harvest?
1929
55% of farms collectivised
71 million tonnes of grain
1930:Resistance: How many peasant uprisings? What was there a campaign to do? What was the peasants response? Excess: how did Stalin react?(2) What was the percentage of farms collectivised? What was the grain harvest?
130,000 Peasant uprisings
Campaign to socialise all livestock
Peasants killed 25-30% of all cows, sheep and pigs
17 million horses killed.
In Pravda- accused local officials of being dizzy with success
23% collective farms 1930
83 million tonnes
1930:Dekulakisation by 1930
How many people displaced by dekulakisation?
How many people shot?
2.6 million displaced
1.8 million deported to another area of the soviet union
400,000 moved to an area within their own province
390,000 in prison camps
21,000 shot
Grain harvest 1931?
69 million tonnes
1932: What was put in place to prevent disaster?
Peasants were allowed to sell their grain if they had any in excess
1932: What happened? Where was most effected? How many people died? Who argued that collectivisation was in part a war on remaining nationalist elements, particularly in Ukraine
Famine-poor harvest- Peasants failed to meet their quota
- instead of decreasing quota, the government enforced it.
- Ukrain, Kazakhstan, Volga region
- 5-8 million deaths
Robert Conquest.
1933: Organisation
How many collective farms?
What was a Motor Tractor Station?
How many Motor Tractor Stations?
250,000 collective farms
used to support collective farms, but also had a political unit which rooted out troublemakers and anti communists
One MTS for every 30 collective farms
1935:
What percentage of households collectivised?
85%
1940
Percentage of grain harvest requisitioned
39%
Success of collectivisation: Consolidating what? How large was the increase in industrial production? How many Tractors provided? Increase in % of grain harvest requisitioned 1928-1940? How much did grain exports increase? Less reliance on? Failure of agriculture... industry?
Successful in:
consolidating the communist regime’s control over the peasantry
-10% increase in industrial production?
-75,000 tractors produced
-14%-39%
less than 1 million to 5 million
-less reliance on imported agricultural products allowed for greater investment in foreign machinery
-failure of agriculture drove more peasants into towns and factories in search of a better life
-agriculture felt all negative effects while industry was unharmed.
failures of collectivisation:
famine
only 10% increase in industrial output
Grain harvest not as large despite higher amount being requisitioned.
7% of farms remained uncollectivised and accounted for half the meat and milk.
