Economics Flashcards
Test knowledge in market demand and supply.
What does relative price mean?
The ratio of one price to another is called a relative price.
The relative price is an opportunity cost.
Which three factors must be present in order to demand something?
You demand something if you:
1. Want it,
2. Can afford it, and
3. Plan to buy it.
Those are the three elements of demand - need, ability and action.
Define the law of demand.
The law of demand states: Other things remaining the same, the higher the price of a good, the smaller is the quantity demanded; and the lower the price of a good, the greater is the quantity demanded
Six main factors bring changes in demand, aside from price. They are changes in..
- The prices of related goods;
- Expected future prices;
- Income;
- Expected future income and credit;
- Population; and
- Preferences.
What is a complement good?
A complement is a good that is used in conjunction with another good.
How do we illustrate the change of the price of the good (while no other influence on buying plans changes)?
If the price of the good changes but no other influence on buying plans changes, we illustrate the effect as a movement along the demand curve.
Here we say that there is a change in demanded quantity.
(The curve itself does not move, only the point of demand moves along the curve)
How do we illustrate the change of other influence on buying plans, while the price remains constant?
If the price of a good remains constant but some other influence on buying plans changes, there is a change in demand for that good.
Here we say that there is a change in demand.
(The whole curve will shift).
When do we observe a change in demand?
If the price of a good remains constant but some other influence on buying plans changes, there is a change in demand for that good.
When do we observe a change in demanded quantity?
If the price of the good changes but no other influence on buying plans changes, we say that there is a change in demanded quantity.
Which three factors must be present in order to supply something?
If a firm supplies a good or service, the firm
1. Has the resources and technology to produce it;
2. Can profit from producing it; and
3. Plans to produce it and sell it.
What does the quantity supplied of a good or service show?
The quantity supplied of a good or service is the amount that producers plan to sell during a given time period at a particular price.
Define the law of supply.
The law of supply states: Other things remaining the same, the higher the price of a good, the greater is the quantity supplied; and the lower the price of a good, the smaller is the quantity supplied.
Six main factors bring changes in supply, aside from price (of the good/service itself). They are changes in..
- The prices of factors of production;
- The prices of related goods produced;
- Expected future prices;
- The number of suppliers;
- Technology; and
- The state of nature.
When do we observe a change in supply?
If the price of a good remains constant but some other influence on selling plans changes, there is a change in the supply for that good.
When do we observe a change in supply quantity?
If the price of the good changes but no other influence on selling plans changes, we say that there is a change in supply quantity.
What does equilibrium mean?
An equilibrium is a situation in which opposing forces balance each other. Equilibrium in a market occurs when the price balances buying plans and selling plans.
What does equilibrium price mean?
The equilibrium price is the price at which the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied.
What does equilibrium quantity mean?
The equilibrium quantity is the quantity bought and sold at the equilibrium price.
What is Economics as a study?
Economics is the social science that studies the choices that individuals, businesses, governments, and entire societies make as they cope with scarcity and the incentives that influence and reconcile those choices.
Какви са методите за алокиране на ресурси?
- пазарна цена;
- команда (централно планиране);
- мнение на мнозинството;
- състезание;
- “първи по време, първи по право”;
- лотария;
- лични характеристики(с “връзки”);
- насилствено
Какво значи ефективно алокиране на ресурси за потребителите?
Ресурсите са алокираниефективно, ако са разпределени по начин, от който потребителите да извлекат най-голяма стойност от тях.
Каква е разликата между стойност и цена (от гледна точка на потребителя) ?
Стойносте какво потребителят е склонен да плати (би платил изобщо).
Цена е какво потребителят трябва да плати (плаща реално).
Търсенето възниква когато стойността е по-голяма от цената.
Какво е заместващ ефект?
Заместващ ефект е налице, когато цената на стока Х пада, а потреблението и се увеличава – (ефект от други стоки).
Какво е ефект на дохода?
Тъй като у потребителя остава повече разполагаем доход, той може да реши дали да купи още от стока Х или не (от същата стока).