Economic shifts under Stalin, the ‘Great Turn’ Flashcards
What was permanent revolution?
Permanent revolution is the strategy of a revolutionary class pursuing its own interests independently and without compromise or alliance with opposing sections of society.
What was Socialism in One Country?
The concept that efforts should be concentrated on building the socialist state in the USSR irrespective of what went on elsewhere in the world. This broke with the previously held marxist position that socialism had to be established globally.
When was the Lenin enrolment initiated?
In 1924, Stalin created the Lenin enrolment. 128,000 joined the party as a result.
What are six reasons for Stalin wanting to industrialise the USSR as quickly as possible?
To increase military strength, to achieve self sufficiency, to increase grain supplies, to move towards a socialist society, to establish his credentials, to improve standards of living.
What were the problems of the Russian economy?
The industrial economy was badly hit by the impact of war and civil war.
After 1921, there was some recovery, but it was slow. Production was weakened by strikes, managerial inefficiency and low levels of mechanisation.
Problems to do with industrialisation were linked with agriculture and collectivisation.
It was hoped that Kolkhozes and Sovkhozes would achieve what was needed but the growth of collective farms was extremely slow. Even by 1928 less than 5% of the peasant population were working on collective farms, and there was little enthusiasm for them among the peasants.
What were the main aims of the five year plan? (1928)
Aimed to develop heavy industry (coal, iron, steel, oil and machinery).
Boost overall production by 300%.
Light industry (chemicals, household goods, etc) was given low priority, but was still expected to double its output.
