Economic and social developments, War Communism and NEP Flashcards
What does NEP stand for?
New Economic Policy
What was state capitalism?
A pragmatic response by Lenin to the problems that they faced in 1918.
Small businesses and factories were not nationalised and were allowed to operate by capitalists. However l, large industries were nationalised.
What was War Communism?
The government took control of the economy during the civil war.
Ration card workbooks were introduced which replaced real wages and rationing was reorganised on a class basis.
There was military style control of railways and transport systems were disrupted.
What was NEP?
The ban on private trading was removed.
The state continued to control league scale industries, but smaller industries were allowed to return to private hands.
Requisitioning of grain stopped.
What was the GPU?
The Cheka was renamed the GPU (Main political administration) in 1922. They had more powers, including being able to arrest and execute without reason.
What was the ban on factions?
Lenin had a ‘ban on factions’ introduced in 1921 to avoid a repetition of movements like the workers opposition. This made it difficult to express views about policies in public, without appearing to be disloyal.
How was censorship increased?
In 1922 it was made clear that criticism of the government was forbidden. All writings had to be approved by GLAVIT.
How much did industrial production increase between 1921 and 1925.
More than threefold.
When and why was the Union of the Militant Godless set up?
In 1922, the Union of the Militant Godless was set up and from 1922, Churches were stripped of valuable possessions and thousands of priests were imprisoned and executed.
How much did economic performance exceed the 1913 level under NEP?
18%
