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GCSE History- USA > Economic Downturn and Recovery > Flashcards

Economic Downturn and Recovery Flashcards

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1
Q

3 branches of US Government

A

Judicial (evaluate laws)
Executive (carry out laws)
Legislative (make laws)

Thinks judicial judge laws

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2
Q

2 American parties that make up government

A

Republicans
Democrats

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3
Q

3 Alphabet agencies in new deal

A

NRA- fair prices, wages and working conditions, blue eagle symbol
FERA- $500 million emergency relief for unemployed
CCC- jobs for men aged 18-25 including planting trees

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4
Q

True or false, Hoover was president when the Wall Street crash happened

A

True

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5
Q

What year was the Wall Street crash

A

1929

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6
Q

True or false, Hoover did lots to help solve the Great Depression

A

False, he did very little (apart from a few things in 1932 when it was approaching the Presidential elections)

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7
Q

How many were unemployed 1932

A

13 million

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8
Q

What was the suicide rate at its peak in 1932

A

17.4/ 1000

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9
Q

3 branches of US government

A

Judicial (evaluate laws)
Executive (carry out laws)
Legislative (make laws)

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10
Q

True or false, the President is in charge of the executive body

A

True- it’s the President’s responsibility to enforce laws

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11
Q

2 American parties that make up government

A

Democrats
Republicans

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12
Q

True or false, African Americans were worst affected by the Great Depression than white Americans

A

True
1933- 20% whites unemployed, 50% blacks unemployed
Black people were first to lose jobs and last to get them back

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13
Q

What did 12,000 Veterans do in 1932

A

Bonus march
Marched to Washington DC to try and get early payment of war bonuses due 1945 but were refused

(It would’ve been too expensive to give them the payment as the money would be better spent on helping the whole of the population and not just veterans

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14
Q

Why did many farmers become bankrupt

A

Unable to sell their produce as people couldn’t afford it
Dust storms also made soil turn to dust creating a ‘dust bowl’ leading to poor harvests withe farmers having nothing to sell

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15
Q

What is a hobo (in 1932 there were 2 million of them)

A

Unemployed wanderer searching for work

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16
Q

Give 2 Republican policies that Hoover implemented when dealing with the Great Depression

A

Laissez- Faire
Rugged Individualism

17
Q

What is meant by Rugged Individualism

A

Individuals rise and fall by own actions

18
Q

What is meant by Laissez- Faire

A

Government shouldn’t interfere in economy (e.g in Great Depression)

19
Q

What was the Hawley- Smoot Tariff Act 1930

A

Increases import tax on foreign goods (less people buy from abroad because it’s more expensive so more people buy from USA)

It caused other nations to retaliate and also impose tariffs on imported foreign goods meaning other nations weren’t investing in American goods and products which worsened the economy further

20
Q

What was the Act in 1930 that meant people spent more on goods from America than abroad as they were cheaper

A

Hawley- Smoot Tariff Act

21
Q

By 1932 Hoover introduced a few acts because he realised that he wasn’t doing anything to help the Great Depression and it was about to be the Presidential Elections.
List one Act introduced

A

Emergency Relief Act
$300 million given to state governments for unemployed

22
Q

Why was Hoover unpopular in 1932 (and therefore didn’t win the Presidential election)

A

Had failed to get Americans out of Depression
13 million were unemployed
Didn’t offer any new solutions
Any schemes/ policies offered were too small or too late to have an effect

23
Q

Who won the 1932 Presidential election election (and therefore starting serving as President Jan 1933)

A

Roosevelt (FDR)

24
Q

What did Roosevelt introduce to try and help with the Great Depression

A

The New Deal

25
Q

What did FDR’s New Deal Consist of

A

Fireside chats
Alphabet Agencies
(Everything was based off the 3Rs- relief, recover, reform)

26
Q

What were the purpose of Fireside chats as part of New Deal

A

Radio broadcasts from FDR to Nation bringing optimism and acting as propaganda to build trust and confidence in FDR

27
Q

3 examples of Alphabet Agencies

A

CCC- men aged 18-25 work e.g planting trees
NIRA- fair wages, working conditions and prices, blue eagle symbol
FERA- $500 million emergency relief given to unemployed

28
Q

What was the CCC alphabet agency

A

Men aged 18-25 given work e.g planting trees

29
Q

What was the FERA alphabet agency

A

$500 million emergency relief given to unemployed

30
Q

What was the NRA alphabet agency

A

Set up fair wages, working conditions and prices
Blue eagle symbol

31
Q

Why did Roosevelt introduce a second New Deal in 1935

A

To help deal with more of the long term effects of the Depression (root causes) instead of only helping it on the surface and not in the long term
(1934 11.3 million are still unemployed)

32
Q

True or false, the Second New Deal focused more on helping the economy and relieving the effects of the Great Depression in the long term (compared to first New Deal)

A

True

33
Q

What did the Social Security Act do as part of the Second New Deal

A

National system to help those in poverty, especially the elderly who he provided pensions to and the disabled who he provided aid to
Set up pensions and some medical care

34
Q

Why did Republicans oppose the New Deal

A

Believed Government were doing too much to help (going against Republican beliefs like rugged- individualism as FDR was Democrat)
Believed FDR was changing accepted role of US government

35
Q

True or false, the New Deal gave equal opportunities for white and black people

A

False
The Alphabet Agencies discriminated against black people e.g lower wages

36
Q

3 individuals who opposed the New Deal

A

Father Charles Coughlin (not enough done to help those in need)
Dr Frances Townsend (not enough done to help old people)
Huey Long (wealth not shared fairly)

37
Q

True or false, Hoover spend more on public works than in last 30 yrs during Great Depression

A

True
E.g building Boulder Dam/ San Francisco Bay Bridge

38
Q

What were 2 court cases with Supreme Court in 1935 and 1936

A

Sick chickens case (1935)- NRA declared unconstitutional
Us vs Butler (1936)- AAA declared unconstitutional

It was claimed that Roosevelt had used Federal powers to create the alphabet agency which went outside the rules of the constitution

39
Q

What did Roosevelt do with banks

A

He closed all banks for 10 days in order to stop them all from entirely collapsing if they hadn’t already and only banks with enough money to operate are allowed to stay open
(Ensure banking crisis doesn’t worsen further as people owe lots of money to the banks which they simply don’t have)

Used fireside chats to explain his actions to bring confidence and optimism in Americans and put faith in him

GCSE History- USA (8 decks)

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