ecology lecture 3 and chap 2 defs BONUS Flashcards
perpetual resource *bk
solar energy - supplies is continusous and expected last 6 billion years
natural resources *bk
material and energy in nature that are essential or useful to humans. Classfied as renewable resources and nonrenewable
Natural Services
processes in nature (purification of water and air, renewable topsoil) which support life and human economies.
Natural Capital
natural resources and natural services which support life and human economies
renewable resource *bk
resource takes several days to several hundred years replenish through natural processes [energy: solar|wind|tides + clean air, fresh water, fertile soil, animals (fish, livestock), plants (crops and forests)
nonrewable resource *bk
resources exist fixed quantity or stock in earth’s crust. Potential renewal by geological, physical, and chemical process but take hundreds million years.
exp nonrenewable resources *me
Energy sources (fossil fuels coal, oil), Metallic Mineral Reources (gold, copper,aluminium), nonmetallic mineral resorces (salt, clay, sand)
sustainability
using resources in the environment such that they can replenish themselves naturally, not overwhelming the capactiy of the environment to cleanse and renew itself by narutal processes
econmic growth *bk
increase nations output goods and services
GDP *bk
gross domestic product: annual maket value of all goods & service sproduced by organizations–foreign and domestic, operating within country.
Per Capita GDP
avg slice economic pie per person. GPD country divided by total population.
reuse *bk
using resouce over and over same form. Uses less energy than recycling. Exp: collect, wash ,refill glass bottles
recycling *bk
collecting waster materials, processing into new materials. Exp: aluminum cans-crush, melt, become new
better reuse or recycle for env? *m
REUSE less energy RECYCLE. RECYCLE metalic rersources uses less energy, water, resources, produces less pollution and environmental degradation than exploiting virgin metallic.
exp of ecosystem services *
nutirent cycling, food production (photosynthesis), air purification (forest & plants), soil renewal, water purification (mangrooves/wetlands), Animals-pest & population control
nutrient cycling *
natural service: recyles chemicals needed by organisms who eat plants (organic material), DIE, Decompose, inorganic matter in soil, become organic material plants)
exp environmental degradation *
think biodiversity[remove (overconsume) rainforest/fish/plants(monculture)/predators/pests] 2. nutrient cycling [interrupt natural systems water/air purification thru pollution (containment/thermal) 3. ENERGY NOT using Solar BUT using Fossil Fuels.
3 principles of sustainablity *
relianace on energy from sun (solar power & photosythnesis- plants use create nutrients ) and indirect forms wind + flowing water 2) Biodiversity - natural services they provide, allows like to adapt 3) chemical/nutrient cycling: circulation chemicals env (soil/water) through organism back to ENV. w/o no soil or food.
causes of environmental problems *m
- exponentially population growth [food, water, raw metails, energy ->pollution/waste [could slow] 2. unsustainble resource use[affluence harmful and benefit ENV/afluenza] 3. poverty 4. excluding env costs from makert prices
poverty *
unable fulfill basic needs adequate food, water, shelfter, health, and education.
what can poverty cause*
ENV: shortterm survival - degread renewables forests (fuel + farm+shelter), over-fish/wildlife (food + biodiversity degrade) , destroy soil (waste/over farming) 2. Overpopulation - children gather fuel,water,crops,care 3) Harmfl health - pollution, env degradation impact poor - malnutrition (preventalbe), limited good sanitation - poo/pee sreams - poor drinking water, respiratory disease.
more developed countries*
high avg income US, Japan, Autrialia, NZ: 19% of popultion yet 88% resources & 75% pollution
Culture and transistions*
societys knowledge, beliefs, technolgies, rituals. Hunter gathers, Agriculture revolutions, industrial-medical revolution, information-globalization revolution. Each gave us control change population (more food, longer life), BUT greater resource use, pollution, env degradation [expand ecological footprint]
agricultural revolution*
grow/breed plants & animals for food, clotihing, other.
