ecology lecture 3 and chap 2 defs BONUS

Question 1

perpetual resource *bk

Answer 1

solar energy - supplies is continusous and expected last 6 billion years

Question 2

natural resources *bk

Answer 2

material and energy in nature that are essential or useful to humans. Classfied as renewable resources and nonrenewable

Question 3

Natural Services

Answer 3

processes in nature (purification of water and air, renewable topsoil) which support life and human economies.

Question 4

Natural Capital

Answer 4

natural resources and natural services which support life and human economies

Question 5

renewable resource *bk

Answer 5

resource takes several days to several hundred years replenish through natural processes [energy: solar|wind|tides + clean air, fresh water, fertile soil, animals (fish, livestock), plants (crops and forests)

Question 6

nonrewable resource *bk

Answer 6

resources exist fixed quantity or stock in earth’s crust. Potential renewal by geological, physical, and chemical process but take hundreds million years.

Question 7

exp nonrenewable resources *me

Answer 7

Energy sources (fossil fuels coal, oil), Metallic Mineral Reources (gold, copper,aluminium), nonmetallic mineral resorces (salt, clay, sand)

Question 8

sustainability

Answer 8

using resources in the environment such that they can replenish themselves naturally, not overwhelming the capactiy of the environment to cleanse and renew itself by narutal processes

Question 9

econmic growth *bk

Answer 9

increase nations output goods and services

Question 10

GDP *bk

Answer 10

gross domestic product: annual maket value of all goods & service sproduced by organizations–foreign and domestic, operating within country.

Question 11

Per Capita GDP

Answer 11

avg slice economic pie per person. GPD country divided by total population.

Question 12

reuse *bk

Answer 12

using resouce over and over same form. Uses less energy than recycling. Exp: collect, wash ,refill glass bottles

Question 13

recycling *bk

Answer 13

collecting waster materials, processing into new materials. Exp: aluminum cans-crush, melt, become new

Question 14

better reuse or recycle for env? *m

Answer 14

REUSE less energy RECYCLE. RECYCLE metalic rersources uses less energy, water, resources, produces less pollution and environmental degradation than exploiting virgin metallic.

Question 15

exp of ecosystem services *

Answer 15

nutirent cycling, food production (photosynthesis), air purification (forest & plants), soil renewal, water purification (mangrooves/wetlands), Animals-pest & population control

Question 16

nutrient cycling *

Answer 16

natural service: recyles chemicals needed by organisms who eat plants (organic material), DIE, Decompose, inorganic matter in soil, become organic material plants)

Question 17

exp environmental degradation *

Answer 17

think biodiversity[remove (overconsume) rainforest/fish/plants(monculture)/predators/pests] 2. nutrient cycling [interrupt natural systems water/air purification thru pollution (containment/thermal) 3. ENERGY NOT using Solar BUT using Fossil Fuels.

Question 18

3 principles of sustainablity *

Answer 18

relianace on energy from sun (solar power & photosythnesis- plants use create nutrients ) and indirect forms wind + flowing water 2) Biodiversity - natural services they provide, allows like to adapt 3) chemical/nutrient cycling: circulation chemicals env (soil/water) through organism back to ENV. w/o no soil or food.

Question 19

causes of environmental problems *m

Answer 19

1. exponentially population growth [food, water, raw metails, energy ->pollution/waste [could slow] 2. unsustainble resource use[affluence harmful and benefit ENV/afluenza] 3. poverty 4. excluding env costs from makert prices

Question 20

poverty *

Answer 20

unable fulfill basic needs adequate food, water, shelfter, health, and education.

Question 21

what can poverty cause*

Answer 21

ENV: shortterm survival - degread renewables forests (fuel + farm+shelter), over-fish/wildlife (food + biodiversity degrade) , destroy soil (waste/over farming) 2. Overpopulation - children gather fuel,water,crops,care 3) Harmfl health - pollution, env degradation impact poor - malnutrition (preventalbe), limited good sanitation - poo/pee sreams - poor drinking water, respiratory disease.

Question 22

more developed countries*

Answer 22

high avg income US, Japan, Autrialia, NZ: 19% of popultion yet 88% resources & 75% pollution

Question 23

Culture and transistions*

Answer 23

societys knowledge, beliefs, technolgies, rituals. Hunter gathers, Agriculture revolutions, industrial-medical revolution, information-globalization revolution. Each gave us control change population (more food, longer life), BUT greater resource use, pollution, env degradation [expand ecological footprint]

Question 24

agricultural revolution*

Answer 24

grow/breed plants & animals for food, clotihing, other.

Question 25

industrial-medical revolution*

Answer 25

(300 yrs ago), machines large scale production goods in factories. Energy fossil fuels, grow large quanties food. Meidcal advances -antibiotics/immunizations.

Question 26

information-globilization*

Answer 26

50yrs - new tech gain access info and resources global scale

Question 27

pollution *bk

Answer 27

any presense within environment of a chemical or other agent such as noise or heat at level harmful to health , survival or acivites of humans or other organims

Question 28

pollutants *bk

Answer 28

polluting substances - can enter environment naturally volcanic eruptions or through human activity like burning fossil fuels (coal or gasoline) , dump chemical river.

Question 29

Exps Polution (impacts)

Answer 29

air pollution | water contamination (indurstry/mining) thermal pollution 1) garbage patch ocean 2) algae blooms caused excess nitrogen and phosphorus–kills fish birds– 3) acid rain (water mix with nigrogen oxides emitted burning fossil fuels–toxic soil),

Question 30

thermal pollution

Answer 30

Thermal pollution is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature (up/down). A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers.

Question 31

Causes of Pollution (ME)

Answer 31

Noise and Light (noise artic drilling causing breeding whales and belugas | light causes cancer & impacts sea turtutles) | Air pollution from burninng fossil fuels | Pestidicedes and fertilizers | ocean litter