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Life Science 142 > Ecology 5- Community Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology 5- Community Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a community

A

Made up of populations of organisms that occur together in the same environment and interact with each other

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2
Q

What is diversity

A

Includes both species richness (i.e. composition) and species abundance (eveness / distribution )

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3
Q

What is composition

A

A listing of various species in the community

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4
Q

What are the fundamental characteristics of a community

A

Compositon; Richness and diversity

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5
Q

Explain community structure

A
  • Changes as a result of interactions between populations

These interactions include:

  • Competition
  • Predation
  • Parasitism
  • Commensalism
  • Mutualism
  • Amensalism
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6
Q

Explain richness

A

Number of different species

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7
Q

Explain measuring species richness

A
  • Uses samples to estimate
  • Number of species depends on sampling size
  • Plot a species vs area curve
    • when it drops off = good job sampling
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8
Q

Eplain richness and abundance = diversity scenario : 1. Community of 100 individuals and 10 species and each species has 10 individuals.

  1. A community of 100 individual is made up of nine species having one individual each and one species having 91 individuals
A

1 = Diverse community ( equal number of individuals )

2 = Non-diverse 9 ( high species richness but less diverse )

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9
Q

Explain a healthy community

A
  • Helathy community = diverse community
  • Not dominated by one species
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10
Q

Explain species composition

A
  • In general, species richness increases with decreasing latitude

( Increases from poles to tropics )

  • More sun at equator thus plants have more energy to photosynthesis thus more resources and habitats
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11
Q

Explain predation

A
  • AKA predator-prey interaction

+- relationship

  • Abundance of predator incr while prey decr
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12
Q

Explain competition

A

( - - ) interaction

  • Abundance of both species decreases
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13
Q

Explain commensalism

A
  • Is a + 0 relationship
  • One benefits but other doesnt benefit or suffer
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14
Q

Explain Ammenslism

A

-0 interaction

  • One suffers from interaction but other neither benefits or suffers
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15
Q

Explain what is habitat

A
  • The physical place where an organism lives and reproduces
  • Each habitat has a characteristic range of physical and chemical conditions, such as the amount of light,(above canopy vs below canopy); temperature; pH of water,etc.
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16
Q

Explain Habitat and Ecological Niche

A
  • Each species is adapted to the conditions of its habitat in terms of :
  1. morphology,
  2. physiologyand
  3. behaviour
17
Q

Explain Ecological Niche

A
  • Ecological niche is the full range of conditions under which an organism can survive and reproduce
  • It is the role an organism plays in its environment

Includes both:
1. Habitat
2. Interactions with other organisms

18
Q

What is ecological niche split into

A

Fundamental and realized niche

19
Q

Explain the fundamental niche

A

Entire set of conditions under which the organism can potentially survive and reproduce

20
Q

Explain realised niche

A

Set of conditions under which it exists in nature

21
Q

What factors force a population to occupy its realised niche

A

Biotic niche

22
Q

Explain interspecific competition

A
  • When different species share resources that are limited, the species must compete with each other
  • This has a negative impact on one or both species

Example: barnacles and mussels compete for space on a rock

23
Q

Explain Competitive Exclusion

A
  • States that no two species can occupy the same niche at the same time
  • If two species occupy the same or similar niches, eventually one species will out- compete the other, which will die out
24
Q

Explain Resource Partitioning

A

Species that share the same resources can coexist if their niches are slightly different

25
Q

Explain character development

A
  • When a particular character is more divergent (different) when two populations belong to the same community than when they do not
  • They can live in the same region (sym- meaning “together”, plus patria, gives sympatry),
  • Or they can live in different regions (allo- meaning “other”, plus patria gives allopatry)

eg ) Galapagos finches

26
Q

When is resource partitioning NOT resource partitioning?

A

Species evolve differences in how they exploit those resources in order to reduce competition and make coexistence possible

Life Science 142 (24 decks)

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