Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Life Science 142 > Biodiversity 2- Aquatic Ecosystems > Flashcards

Biodiversity 2- Aquatic Ecosystems Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Explain Wetlands

A
  • In between fully aquatic and fully terrestrial ecosystems
  • Standing water for at least part of the year
  • Vegetation adapted to growing with submerged roots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain wetland vegetation type

A

1.Swamps – woody plants and shrubs

  1. Marshes – reeds, rushes, other grasses
  2. Bogs – sphagnum moss
  3. Fens – sedges, rushes
  4. Mangroves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain wetland function

A
  • Perform services useful to humans
  • Purify water by trapping sediments and breaking down toxic wastes and chemicals that run off agricultural land
  • Serve as reservoirs that reduce the risk of flooding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 types of aquatic ecosystems / wetlands

A
  1. Freshwater
  2. Marine
  3. Brackish water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain freshwater aquatic ecosystems

A
  • Lakes, ponds, rivers, streams
  • Only 1% of water is freshwater
  • Only 0.3% of freshwater is available on the Earth’s surface, the rest is locked in glaciers, polar ice and underground aquifers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explain marine aquatic ecosystems

A

Coral reefs, seashores, oceanic pelagic and benthic
zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain the 2 types of freshwater ecosystems

A
  1. Standing water (ponds and lakes)
  2. Flowing water (streams and rivers)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain marine brackish water ecosystems

A
  • Mixture of salt and fresh water
  • Estuaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 nutrient statuses of lakes

A
  1. Oligotrophic
  2. Eutrophic
  3. Mesotrophic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain Mesotrophic lakes

A

In between Oligotrophic and Eutrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain Oligotrophic
lakes

A

Nutrient poor, deep, very clear water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain Eutrophic

A

Nutrient rich, shallower, water murky with phytoplankton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain streams and rivers heaed waters and lowest points

A

Headwaters :

  • Water is clear
  • Little sediment
  • Few nutrients
  • Channel is narrow
  • Rocky substrate
  • Water flows swiftly

At the lowest point of river :

  1. Water moves slowly
  2. More sediment
  3. Murkier
  4. Sandy substrate
  5. High nutrient content
  6. Chanel is wider
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain estuaries

A
  • Partially enclosed body of water where freshwater and seawater mix
  • River meets the ocean
  • Salinity varies greatly
  • Highly productive due to nutrien
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 4 types of estuaries

A
  • Salt wedge
  • Partially mixed
  • Well mixed
  • Fjord type estuary with a sill
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain estuary biodiversity

A
  • Salt marsh grasses, algae, and phytoplankton are the major producers
  • Many species of annelids, oysters, crabs and fish
  • Many marine invertebrates and fish breed in estuaries
  • Large number of waterfowl and other semi- aquatic vertebrates use estuaries as feeding areas
17
Q

Explain streams and rivers fully

A
  • Streams highest point is in the mountain
  • Streams = smaller rivers
  • Bodies of water that move continuously in one direction
  • May originate from springs, runoffs from melting snow or ice, or outlets of lakes
  • Structure changes from their point of origin (headwaters) to where they empty into a larger body of water (mouth)
18
Q

Explain lake stratification

A
  • The way it gets / is exposed to sunlight
  • Layers do not usually mix; less dense water floats on top of more dense water
  • In autumn, the epilimnion cools to a temperature below that of the hypolimnion
  • Causes surface water to sink to the bottom and vice versa
  • In winter, ice forms on the surface, maintaining a uniform temperature
  • Overturn is repeated again in spring as the ice melts
19
Q

What are the three layers of lakes

A
  1. Epilimnion
  2. Thermocline
  3. Hypolimnion
20
Q

Explain each lake layer

A
  1. Epilimnion – Surface layer, warm from solar radiation, least dense
  2. Thermocline – Thin middle layer
  3. Hypolimnion – Lower layer, cold,
    most dense
21
Q

Explain what life zones can be stratified according to

A

1.Amount of sunlight penetration
2. Nutrient levels
3. Temperature
4. Amount of dissolved oxygen

22
Q

What are the different life zones

A
  • Littoral zone
  • Limnetic zone
  • Profundal zone
  • Benthic zone
23
Q

Explain the littorial zone

A
  • Shallow inshore region
  • Rooted vegetation
  • Shallow part where you can still walk
24
Q

Explain the limnetic zone

A
  • After littorial zone
  • Becomes deeper but lots of sunlight
  • Upper level of open water
  • Light levels are high
25
Q

Explain profundal zone

A

Below the level of light penetration

26
Q

Explain benthic zone

A

Bottom substrate and soil-water interface

Life Science 142 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions