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ECOLOGY 1 > ecology 5,8,9 > Flashcards

ecology 5,8,9 Flashcards

DUKAAA

1
Q

an individual is measured by the
proportionate contribution it makes to future
generations.

A

FITNESS

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2
Q

a trait that helps organisms
survive and reproduce

A

ADAPTATION

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3
Q

alternate forms of a gene

A

ALLELES

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4
Q

in which DNA is used in the
synthesis of products such as proteins.

A

Gene expression

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5
Q

All of the DNA in a cell is collectively called the

A

GENOME

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6
Q

Genes are arranged in linear order along
microscopic, threadlike bodies called

A

CHROMOSOMES

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7
Q

are genetic material that codes for a
functional products

A

GENES

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8
Q

The position occupied by a gene on the
chromosome is called the

A

LOCUS

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9
Q

pair of alleles present at a given locus defines
the

A

GENOTYPE

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10
Q

2 MAIN CATEGORIES OF GENOTYPES

A

HOMOZYGOUS & HETEROZYGOUS

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11
Q

TYPES OF ADAPTATION

A

STRUCTURAL ADAPTATION & BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATION

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12
Q

adaptation in which responses made by an
organism that help it to survive/reproduce. ( ex.
Nocturnal

A

BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATION

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13
Q

adaptation that involves some part of an
animals body( ex. Teeth, body covering for
defense, movement)

A

STRUCTURAL ADAPTATION

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14
Q

a body process that helps an
organism to survive/reproduce

A

PHYSIOLOGICAL

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15
Q

the physical expression of the
Genotype

A

PHENOTYPE

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16
Q

these changes are
irreversible

A

Developmental plasticity

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17
Q

ability of genotype to
give rise to different phenotypic expressions
under different environmental conditions.

A

Phenotypic plasticity

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18
Q

reversible phenotypic changes in
response to changing environments

A

ACCLIMATION

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19
Q

when genetic variation
occurs among subpopulations

A

Genetic differentiation

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20
Q

a group of individuals of the
same species that inhabit a given area.

A

POPULATION

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21
Q

predictable and
determinate from conception on.

A

UNITARY ORGANISM

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22
Q

they develop by branching,
repeated units of structure. A module, which
then produces further, similar modules.

A

MODULAR ORGANISM

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23
Q

– plant produced by sexual reproduction,
thus arising from a zygote

A

GENET

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24
Q

modules produced asexually by the
genet

A

RAMETS

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25
Q

the defined areas
encompasses all the individuals of a species

A

GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE

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26
Q

a species with a geographically
widespread distribution

A

UBIQUITOUS

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27
Q

a species with a distribution that is
restricted to a particular locality or localized
habitat

A

ENDEMIC

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28
Q

Factors Affecting Distributions

A
  1. HABITAT SUSTAINABILITY
  2. GEOGRAPHIC BARRIERS
    - METAPOPULATIONS
    - ABUNDANCE REFLECTS POPULATION DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION
    -POPULATION DENSITY
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29
Q

GEOGRAPHIC BARRIERS

A
  • METAPOPULATIONS
  • ABUNDANCE REFLECTS POPULATION DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION
    -POPULATION DENSITY
30
Q

a results of environmental
heterogeneity, most populations are divided into
subpopulations each occupying suitable habitats

A

METAPOPULATIONS

31
Q

the number of individuals
per unit area

A

POPULATION DENSITY

32
Q

the number of individuals in the
populations

A

ABUNDANCE

33
Q

number of individuals per unit area

A

Density

34
Q

ABUNDANCE IS A FUNCTION OF 2 FACTORS

A
  1. POPULATION DENSITY
  2. AREA OF POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
35
Q

POPULATION DISTRIBUTIONS

A
  1. RANDOM
  2. REGULAR/UNIFORM
  3. CLUMPED
36
Q

a type of population distribution where in each individual’s position is independent of the others

A

random

37
Q

type of population distribution where in it has antagonistic interactions

A

regular/uniform

38
Q

type of population distribution where in individuals occur in groups

A

clumped

39
Q

which is the number of
individuals per unit of available living space.

A

ecological density

40
Q

density measured simply as the number of individuals per unit area

A

crude density

41
Q

Methods for Determining Density

A

1.Quadrat method
2.Mark-recapture
3.indices of abundance
4. lincoln-petersen index

42
Q

used for plants and sessile
animals

A

quadtrat method

43
Q

used for mobile animals

A

mark-recapture

44
Q

methods include
detection of the presence of organisms rather
than direct counts ( Vocalizations, Heard,
Recording of calls, count of animal scat and
Animal tracks )

A

Indices of abundance

45
Q

simplest single mark
recapture method

A

Lincoln-Petersen index

46
Q

___________ is random

A

sampling

47
Q

________do not tell us anything

A

abundance

48
Q

measures of population structure

A

age, developmental age, and size

49
Q

it is restricted to a certain age

A

reproduction

50
Q

Three ecologically important age classes or
stages:

A

Prereproductive, reproductive and
postreproductive

51
Q

the movement of individuals in space

A

dispersal

52
Q

reason for dispersal

A
  1. Crowding
  2. Temperature change
  3. Quality and abundance of food
  4. Photoperiod
53
Q

move out

A

emigration

54
Q

move in another location

A

immigration

55
Q

roundtrip

A

migration

56
Q

reproduce then die

A

semelparity

57
Q

reproduction is repetetive

A

iteroparity

58
Q

refers to how the number of
individuals in a population increases or
decreases over time

A

population growth

59
Q

reflects the difference
between rates of Birth and death

A

population growth

60
Q

characteristics of
populations inhabiting favorable conditions with
low densities

A

exponential growth

61
Q

as resources are depleted
population growth rate slows and eventually
stops

A

logistic growth

62
Q

provide a Schedule of age-Specific
mortality and Survival

A

life tables

63
Q

a group of individuals born in
the same period of time.

A

cohort

64
Q

approach
constructs a cohort from individuals born over
several time periods instead of just one

A

cohort/dynamic life table

65
Q

This approach does not
involve following a single or group of cohorts,
but rather it is constructed by sampling the
population in some manner to obtain a
distribution of age classes during a single time
period.

A

time-specific life table

66
Q

type of stochasticity where in random variations in BIRTHRATE and deathrates from year to year

A

demographic stochasticity

67
Q

type of stochasticity where is random variations in the ENVIRONMENT

A

environmental stochasticity

68
Q

structure

A

distribution
density
proportion of age classes

69
Q

dynamics

A

birth
death
migration

70
Q
A

ECOLOGY 1 (7 decks)

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