eco 10

Question 1

the measure of fitness.

Answer 1

reproductive success

Question 2

Organisms have limited resources that must be allocated to various tasks, including reproduction and growth. Allocating resources to one task reduces availability for others.

Answer 2

resource allocation

Question 3

trade offs in reproduction

Answer 3

1. age at reproduction
2. allocation to reproduction
3. number and size of eggs, young or seeds
4. timing of reproduction

Question 4

physical environments, competitors

Answer 4

extrinsic factors

Question 5

relating to phylogeny, patterns of development, genetics and physiology

Answer 5

intrinsic fators

Question 6

Involves two diploid individuals producing haploid gametes (egg and sperm) that combine to form a diploid zygote, leading to genetic variability.

Answer 6

sexual reproduction

Question 7

Produces genetically identical offspring without gametes.

Answer 7

asexual reproduction

Question 8

Have separate male and female individuals.

Answer 8

Dioecious plants

Question 9

Possess both male and female organs, allowing for self-fertilization and colonization of new habitats.

Answer 9

hermaphroditic plants

Question 10

Some species change sex based on environmental or social factors

Answer 10

sequential hermaphroditism

Question 11

Defined as the number of offspring produced per unit of time.

Answer 11

fecundity

Question 12

Allocation to reproduction impacts growth and future fecundity.

Answer 12

trade-offs

Question 13

species reproduce multiple times

Answer 13

iteroparous

Question 14

invest all energy in one reproductive event.

Answer 14

semelparous/ semelparity

Question 15

The pattern of mating be
tween males and females in a population is called the mating
system

Answer 15

mating system

Question 16

which involves
the formation of a lasting pair bond between one male and
one female,

Answer 16

monogamy

Question 17

, in which males and females mate
with one or many of the opposite sex and form no pair bond

Answer 17

promiscuity

Question 18

(cross
fertilization in which pollen from one individual fertilizes the
ovum of another

Answer 18

outcrossing

Question 19

(self-fertilization

Answer 19

autogamy

Question 20

is the acquisition of two or more mates by
one individual

Answer 20

Polygamy

Question 21

, an individual male pairs
with two or more females.

Answer 21

polygyny

Question 22

, an individual female
pairs with two or more males.

Answer 22

polyandry

Question 23

involves male-to-male (or in some
cases, female-to-female) competition for the opportunity to
mate.

Answer 23

Intrasexual selection

Question 24

involves the differential attractive
ness of individuals of one sex to another

Answer 24

Intersexual selection

Question 25

A female exhibits two major approaches in choosing a mate.

Answer 25

1. exaggerated plumage or displays that are indirectly related to the health and quality of the male as a mate
2. the availability of resources such as habitat or
   food that improve fitness.

Question 26

These
three phases of population growth are the central components
of what human demographers—ecologists who study the hu
man population—refer to as the

Answer 26

demographic transition.