eco 10 Flashcards

1
Q

the measure of fitness.

A

reproductive success

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2
Q

Organisms have limited resources that must be allocated to various tasks, including reproduction and growth. Allocating resources to one task reduces availability for others.

A

resource allocation

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3
Q

trade offs in reproduction

A
  1. age at reproduction
  2. allocation to reproduction
  3. number and size of eggs, young or seeds
  4. timing of reproduction
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4
Q

physical environments, competitors

A

extrinsic factors

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5
Q

relating to phylogeny, patterns of development, genetics and physiology

A

intrinsic fators

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6
Q

Involves two diploid individuals producing haploid gametes (egg and sperm) that combine to form a diploid zygote, leading to genetic variability.

A

sexual reproduction

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7
Q

Produces genetically identical offspring without gametes.

A

asexual reproduction

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8
Q

Have separate male and female individuals.

A

Dioecious plants

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9
Q

Possess both male and female organs, allowing for self-fertilization and colonization of new habitats.

A

hermaphroditic plants

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10
Q

Some species change sex based on environmental or social factors

A

sequential hermaphroditism

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11
Q

Defined as the number of offspring produced per unit of time.

A

fecundity

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12
Q

Allocation to reproduction impacts growth and future fecundity.

A

trade-offs

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13
Q

species reproduce multiple times

A

iteroparous

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14
Q

invest all energy in one reproductive event.

A

semelparous/ semelparity

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15
Q

The pattern of mating be
tween males and females in a population is called the mating
system

A

mating system

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16
Q

which involves
the formation of a lasting pair bond between one male and
one female,

17
Q

, in which males and females mate
with one or many of the opposite sex and form no pair bond

A

promiscuity

18
Q

(cross
fertilization in which pollen from one individual fertilizes the
ovum of another

A

outcrossing

19
Q

(self-fertilization

20
Q

is the acquisition of two or more mates by
one individual

21
Q

, an individual male pairs
with two or more females.

22
Q

, an individual female
pairs with two or more males.

23
Q

involves male-to-male (or in some
cases, female-to-female) competition for the opportunity to
mate.

A

Intrasexual selection

24
Q

involves the differential attractive
ness of individuals of one sex to another

A

Intersexual selection

25
A female exhibits two major approaches in choosing a mate.
1. exaggerated plumage or displays that are indirectly related to the health and quality of the male as a mate 2. the availability of resources such as habitat or food that improve fitness.
26
These three phases of population growth are the central components of what human demographers—ecologists who study the hu man population—refer to as the
demographic transition.
27