eco 11

Question 1

occurs when population size approaches the carrying capacity, leading to a decrease in growth rate due to limited resources.

Answer 1

logistic population growth

Question 2

the maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely due to limited resources.

Answer 2

carrying capacity (k)

Question 3

when population growth slows as resources become less available to individuals, leading to lower birth rates, increased mortality, and reduced population growth.

Answer 3

density-dependent regulation

Question 4

can limit population growth by restricting access to space and resources, as individuals defend their territory from others.

Answer 4

territoriality

Question 5

helps alleviate pressure on resources by allowing individuals to move to new areas, reducing competition in high-density populations.

Answer 5

dispersal

Question 6

the defense of a space by an individual or group. It limits population density by restricting access to resources like food and space, thereby reducing reproduction and survival rates.

Answer 6

TERRITORIALITY

Question 7

are groups of populations separated by space but connected by dispersal. These populations can fluctuate in size and interact, allowing for recolonization of areas where populations have declined.

Answer 7

METAPOPULATIONS

Question 8

occurs when individuals compete for mates, which can limit population growth as not all individuals successfully reproduce.

Answer 8

REPRODUCTIVE COMPETITION

Question 9

The maximum sustainable population size for a species in a given environment, where the birthrate equals the death rate.

Answer 9

carrying capacity (K)

Question 10

density-dependent factors

Answer 10

Factors that influence population growth in relation to the population density, such as resource availability, competition, and predation.

Question 11

A model that describes how populations grow more slowly as they approach their carrying capacity, represented by the equation dN/dt = rN(1 - N/K).

Answer 11

logistic model

Question 12

A phenomenon where population growth rates decline at low population densities due to difficulties in finding mates or cooperative behaviors.

Answer 12

allee effect

Question 13

Competition among individuals of the same species for limited resources such as food, space, and mates.

Answer 13

intraspecific competition

Question 14

The process where population density decreases and the average size of individuals increases due to density-dependent mortality and competition for resources.

Answer 14

self-thinning.

Question 15

Competition among individuals of different species for limited resources such as food, space, and mates.

Answer 15

interspecific competition

Question 16

density-independent factors

Answer 16

Environmental factors that affect population growth regardless of population density, such as climate, natural disasters, and disease.

Question 17

A type of competition where all individuals in a population are equally affected by resource limitation, leading to reduced growth and reproduction.

Answer 17

scramble competition

Question 18

Competition where some individuals gain access to resources while others are excluded, leading to unequal resource distribution within a population.

Answer 18

contest competition

Question 19

The smallest isolated population that has a 99% chance of remaining extant for 1000 years, despite demographic and environmental stochasticity.

Answer 19

minimum viable population (MVP)

Question 20

A statistical method used to assess the risk of extinction for a population by integrating biological and environmental data.

Answer 20

population viability analysis (PVA)

Question 21

A group of spatially separated populations of the same species that interact through immigration and emigration.

Answer 21

metapopulations.

Question 22

A type of competition where individuals indirectly compete for resources by depleting them, affecting the availability for others.

Answer 22

exploitation competition

Question 23

A type of competition where individuals indirectly compete for resources by depleting them, affecting the availability for others.

Answer 23

interference competition

Question 24

A model that describes population growth under ideal conditions with unlimited resources, represented by the equation dN/dt = rN.

Answer 24

exponential model of population growth

Question 25

Increased death rates in a population as density rises, often due to resource limitations or increased competition.

Answer 25

density-dependent mortality

Question 26

The reproductive capacity of an individual or population, often measured as the number of offspring produced.

Answer 26

fecundity

Question 27

The distribution of energy and nutrients by plants to various functions such as growth, reproduction, and defense, which can shift under competitive conditions.

Answer 27

resource allocation

Question 28

The area in which an animal lives and moves on a regular basis, which may or may not be defended.

Answer 28

home range

Question 29

The defense of a specific area against intruders, which can limit access to resources and mates for other individuals.

Answer 29

territoriality

Question 30

Variability in population growth rates due to random differences in birth and death rates among individuals.

Answer 30

demographic stochasticity