ecology

Question 1

ecology

Answer 1

the study of the interactions of organisms with their environment

Question 2

abiotic factors + factors

Answer 2

Non living things that make up the physical environment

water, soil

Question 3

biotic factors + example

Answer 3

livings things within physical environment

plants, animals, fungi

Question 4

terrestrial ecosystem + aquatic ecosystem

Answer 4

teco» ecosystem contained on land
continents of islands, water is limiting factor

aeco» ecosystem containe in H2O
Freshwater - lakes + rivers
Saltwater - oceans

Question 5

autotrophs

Answer 5

create their own carbon compounds from CO2 in atmosphere

Question 6

Heterotrophs

Answer 6

Obtain carbon compounds from other organisms

Question 7

auto + hetero?

Answer 7

Euglina

Question 8

Producers

Answer 8

trap the energy in sunlight, converting the kJ-> carbohydrates

Question 9

omnivores

Answer 9

eat both producers and consumers

Question 10

dentrivores

Answer 10

heterotrophs that obtain nutrients from detritus by internal digestion

Question 11

saprotrophs

Answer 11

obtain nutrients from dead organic matter by external digestion

Question 12

decomposers

Answer 12

consume dead plants and animal remains, turning them into substances that can be reused

Question 13

scavengers

Answer 13

eat dead animal remains to obtain energy

Question 14

Food chain

Answer 14

sequence of organisms through which energy is passed

usually 2-5 organisms in a food chain

Question 15

aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 15

how CO2 is returned to the atmosphere/water

CO2 which is waste product of cellular respiration, diffuses out of cells to enter the atmosphere/H2O

Question 16

what organisms do cell respirations

Answer 16

Plants
Animals
Saprotrophs

Question 17

Cell respiration equation

Answer 17

C6 H12 O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 18

carbon sink

Answer 18

situations where carbon is bound up + not available for use by autotrophs

peat
Limestone
fossilized organic matter

Question 19

niche

Answer 19

Combination of spatial habitat and interactions with other species

Question 20

Carrying capacity

Answer 20

Number of idvs of population that can survive in a given area
combo of different limiting factors

Question 21

l2g-> materials and energy

Answer 21

Availability of kJ, H2O, carbon and other materials

Question 22

l2g-> food chains

Answer 22

limitations of population at any tropic level depending on the levels below it

Question 23

l2g-> competitions

Answer 23

intraspecific competition - comp between members of the same species

interspecific comp- comp between member of different species

Question 24

l2g-> density

Answer 24

number of idvs in an area at one time.

Question 25

density limiting factors + ex

Answer 25

factors that affect populations as it increases
disease, aggression, stress

Question 26

density independent limiting factors

Answer 26

factors that affect populations regardless of size

flood
fire
tornado
hurricane

Question 27

nitrogen fixation

Answer 27

conversion of unusable N2 gas in atmosphere to ammonia (NH3)

Question 28

How does N fixation occur?

Answer 28

1) lightning strike
2) bacteria in nodules on some plant roots (beans, peas, clover)
3) free living bacteria in the soil

Question 29

biodegradable waste and chemicals

Answer 29

waste and chemicals can be decomposed naturally by the ecosystem

Question 30

non- biodegradable + ex

Answer 30

waste and chemicals can’t be decomposed naturally by the ecosystem

plastics, styrofoam, metal

Question 31

nonbio waste +chem

Answer 31

waste ) responsible for large garbage dump are found to going through waterways into gyres in the ocean

Chem) chems have high persistence, meaning they slowly breakdown into the bodies of organisms that come into contact with them

Question 32

bioaccumulation

Answer 32

build up of chemicals in the body of an organism

absorbed into organisms faster than they break down

large build up of chemicals = become toxic

Question 33

biomagnification

Answer 33

The increase of toxic substances within organisms as you move up the food chain

Question 34

eutrophication

Answer 34

Eutrophication is the build up of nutrients in an aquatic ecosystem

Question 35

endemic

Answer 35

species native to area

Question 36

Alien

Answer 36

species not native but introduced by humans

Question 37

Invasive species

Answer 37

impacts of alien species are usually significant if it increases in numbers and spreads rapidly

Question 38

Greenhouse effect

Answer 38

When heat reflected from the earth’s surface gets trapped by particular gases

water vapor
carbon
methane
greenhouse gases

Question 39

climate change

Answer 39

Increasing temperature of the earth
causing ice caps to melt
-> ocean levels rises but change in ocean currents

Ocean currents ->
changes weather pattern, increased number of storms
drought
severe cold/heat

Question 40

biodiversity

Answer 40

different kinds of life you’ll find in one area

Question 41

Sustainability

Answer 41

Meeting our needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Question 42

ammonification

Answer 42

Dead organic matter/ animal waste converted -> ammonia by decomposers (bacteria/fungi)

Question 43

Nitrification 1
when ammonia enters ________ through what?

Answer 43

when ammonia enters soil through N fixation

Question 44

Nitrification 2
Converts __________ into what? (NO3- and NO2-)

Answer 44

Converts ammonia into nirates

Question 45

Nitrification 3
Nitrosamas and Nitrobacter

Answer 45

Done be those bacteria in soil

Nitrosamas= converts ammonia&raquo_space; NO2-

Nitrobacter = converts ammonia&raquo_space; NO3-

Question 46

Dentrification

Answer 46

Done by bacteria: Clostridium and Pseudomonas which lives in soil, they convert nitrate -> N2
Must occur in anaerobic conditions in soil