cardiovascular system; blood

Question 1

plasma

Answer 1

the non-living fluid of portion of blood, makes up about 55% of blood volume.

Question 2

blood cells

Answer 2

the living solid portion of blood
44% red blood cells
1% white blood cells

Question 3

erythrocytes (red blood cells)

Answer 3

specialized for oxygen transport

Question 4

mature erythrocytes…

Answer 4

have no nucleus, so these disk-shaped are packed with the respiratory pigment: hemoglobin

Question 5

hemoglobin

Answer 5

A protein that can pick up/release oxygen as body requires. part of heme group.

Question 6

highest amount and lowest amount of hemoglobin in the body

Answer 6

highest = lungs
lowest = everywhere else

Question 7

hemoglobin characteristics

Answer 7

+reason red blood cells are red
iron containing molecule that binds with oxygen

Question 8

factors on when oxygen released or picked up

Answer 8

1) concentration
2)acidity of the surrounding fluid

Question 9

what creates iron deficiency?

Answer 9

when there’s not enough iron to create hemoglobin, meaning that not enough oxygen is being transported.

Question 10

concentration of oxygen

Answer 10

measured in partial pressure

low partial pressure: bond that links oxygen to heme group weakens and oxygen is released

high partial pressure: oxygen is picked up

Question 11

acidity of surround fluid

Answer 11

acidity is influenced by the presence of dissolved carbon dioxide

Question 12

what happens with high [carbon dioxide]

Answer 12

increased concentration of carbon dioxide = increased activity in the blood, which weakens the bond between oxygen and hemoglobin causing oxygen to be released.

Question 13

what is the pH in blood, why?

Answer 13

the pH in blood is neutral (7) as it can change depending on the concentration of oxygen and the surrounding acidity

Question 14

leukocytes (white blood cells)

Answer 14

have various roles that help protect the body from pathogens

Question 15

characteristics of leukocytes

Answer 15

part of immune system
has a nucleus and appears colourless

Question 16

types of white blood cells

Answer 16

1) granulocytes
2) agranulocytes

Question 17

(a)granulocytes characteristics

Answer 17

granulocytes = appears to have granules in cytoplasm
agranulocytes = appears to have no granules in cytoplasm

*granule = little dots
agranule = no dots

Question 18

granulocytes

Answer 18

1) neutrophils: 3 lobbed nucleus, found in pus

2) eosinophils: b-shaped nucleus, active in allergic reactions

3) basophils: kidney bean shaped nucleus

Question 19

agranulocytes

Answer 19

1) lymphocytes: light blue nucleus with a small cytoplasm, plays role in body’s immune response

2) monocytes: engulf and destroy foreign material found in body

Question 20

platelets

Answer 20

fragment of cells that were created when larger cells in bone marrow broke apart

*important in blood clotting

Question 21

bone marrow

Answer 21

tissue found in most bones in body and is where blood cells are produced

Question 22

more about platelets

Answer 22

platelets are not cells

platelets initiates blood clotting

Question 23

process of blood clotting pt 1

Answer 23

broken blood vessels attracts platelets to site of injury

Question 24

process of blood clotting pt 2

Answer 24

as platelets collect, they release chemicals which react with plasma to produce the enzyme thromboplastin

Question 25

process of blood clotting pt 3

Answer 25

in the presence of calcium ions, thromboplastin reacts with prothrombin to produce enzyme thrombin

Question 26

process of blood clotting pt 4

Answer 26

thrombin reacts with fibrinogen to produce fibrin

Question 27

process of blood clotting pt 5

Answer 27

fibrin is a insoluble material that forms a mesh of strands around the area of injury