Ecological systems

Question 1

Atmosphere

Answer 1

gaseous layer that surrounds the earth (mainly within 10 km but also extends much higher)

Question 2

1How much Solar E reaches Earth’s surface and is absorbed?

Answer 2

51%

Question 3

How much solar E is reflected back in space from atmospheric water particles and ice (ALBEDO)

Answer 3

30%

Question 4

How much radiant energy is absorbed by gasses such as water vapour and CO2 in the atmosphere

Answer 4

19%

Question 5

What is the difference between the geosphere and the lithosphere?

Answer 5

they are the same!!

Question 6

Geosphere

Answer 6

The solid, mainly rocky part of the Earth (same as the lithosphere)

Question 7

Hydrosphere

Answer 7

All of the water (all states) that move on/between the atmosphere and geosphere

Question 8

System

Answer 8

An object of many objects that may be studied

Question 9

Open system

Answer 9

when matter or energy can leave the system boundaries

Question 10

Closed system

Answer 10

When energy can enter and leave but matter cannot
Ecology is the study of the interactions of biotic and abiotic factors and how they interact in a system.

Question 11

Biological level of organisation

Answer 11

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

Question 12

Ecosphere

Answer 12

All life on earth and its interaction with the physical environment

Question 13

Productivity of the biosphere

Answer 13

determined by the efficient use of incoming energy. Plants capture light E and convert it into organic compounds. (energy captured by plants is (J/㎡/yr)
OR the productivity can be determined as productivity of the biomass (g/㎡/yr)

Question 14

Biosphere

Answer 14

The total area where all living things are found (i.e. the totality of biomes) is called the biosphere

Question 15

Biome

Answer 15

geographical areas that have a particular climate and sustain a specific community of flora and fauna

Question 16

Ecosystem

Answer 16

A community and its abiotic environment (ex: habitat)

Question 17

Community

Answer 17

A group of populations living together and interacting with each other within a given area

Question 18

Population

Answer 18

A group of organisms of the same species, living in the same area at the same time

Question 19

Limiting factors of population (biotic and abiotic)

Answer 19

Biotic: competition, food, parasites, disease
Abiotic: water, light, heat, space, minerals, weather

Question 20

Measurement of a population

Answer 20

Taking a sample using a quadrat. Quadrat helps scientists determine the density of a species

Question 21

Density of population

Answer 21

Number of individuals per unit of volume or area

Question 22

Ecology

Answer 22

The study of the relationship between living organisms, or between living organisms and their environment

Question 23

How are organisms identified within a biome?

Answer 23

Range, habitat and niche

Question 24

How much solar E is reflected back in space from atmospheric water particles and ice (ALBEDO)

Answer 24

30%

Question 25

Abiotic factors

Answer 25

non living things in the environment (sunlight, water, soil, air, minerals)

Question 26

Biotic factors

Answer 26

living things in the environment (humans, trees, fish, bacteria)

Question 27

Aquatic biome

Answer 27

Freshwater (bodies of water surrounded by land, lakes, ponds) and marine biomes (oceans, coral reefs)

Question 28

Grassland biome

Answer 28

dominated by grass, warm dry climate. Tropical (savanna, close to equator) and temperate (ex:prairies)

Question 29

Forest biome

Answer 29

(tropical-warm, temperate-seasons, taiga-cold)
Dominated by trees, biodiversity,

Question 30

Desert biome

Answer 30

Dry, small rainfall, hot or cold

Question 31

tundra biome

Answer 31

low precipitation, very cold,