Eclolgy

Question 1

Flow of energy

Answer 1

One way, from sun, through the
system, radiated to universe as
unrecoverable, entropic heat

Question 2

Cycling of materials

Answer 2

Materials are re-used, exchanged back
forth between biotic and abiotic
components of environment

Question 3

Ecological Niche

Answer 3

An organism’s distinctive lifestyle and role
in a community
– takes into account all abiotic and biotic
aspects of organism’s existence

Question 4

Fundamental niche

Answer 4

organism’s potential ecological niche

Question 5

Realized niche

Answer 5

the niche organism actually occupies

Question 6

Competition

Answer 6

Occurs when two or more individuals try to

use the same essential resource

Question 7

examples of Competition

Answer 7

food
– water
– shelter
– living space
– sunlight

Question 8

Intraspecific competition

Answer 8

among individuals within a population

Question 9

Interspecific competition

Answer 9

– between different species

Question 10

Competitive Exclusion Principle

Answer 10

Two species cannot occupy the same
niche in the same community for an
indefinite period
One species is excluded by another as a
result of competition for a limiting resource

Question 11

ECharacter Displacement3

Answer 11

Reduces competition among some species
– structural, ecological, behavioral characteristics
diverge where ranges overlap

Question 12

Character Displacement Example

Answer 12

: bill sizes of Darwin’s finches

Question 13

Much energy is converted to ____ as it moves from one organism to another and ____ use it
in next trophic level

Answer 13

heat can’t

Question 14

whats are the types of material cycles studiedin ecology

Answer 14

Hydrologic Cycl eNitrogen Cycle Phosphorus Cycle Carbon Cycle

Question 15

In an ecosystem, ______ flows
one-way through the system, and
_____ cycle and recycle

Answer 15

Energy; Materials

Question 16

Species Richness

Is often greatest in 3

Answer 16

habitats with structural complexity
– a community that is not isolated (distance effect) or
severely stressed
– a community where more energy is available
(species richness–energy hypothesis)

Question 17

Community Stability depends of

Answer 17

species richness

Question 18

Human activities reduce biological diversity by 6

Answer 18

habitat loss and habitat fragmentation
– pollution
– introduction of invasive species
– pest and predator control
– illegal commercial hunting
– commercial harvest

Question 19

Succession

Answer 19

Orderly replacement of one community by

another

Question 20

Primary succession ex

Answer 20

n area not previously inhabited (bare rock)

Question 21

Secondary succession

Answer 21

in area with pre-existing community, wellformed

soil (abandoned farmland)

Question 22

Solar Energy
_____ at______ ______at ___
– due to Earth’s _____ shape

Answer 22

Concentrated equator, diluted, poles

spherical

Question 23

Heat Energy
Can be moved around by ______ and _____ ______
This can have a big effect on climate.

Answer 23

winds and

ocean currents.

Question 24

Precipitation is influenced

Answer 24

atitude
– elevation
– topography
– vegetation
– distance from ocean, large bodies of water
– location on a continent or other landmass

Question 25

Biome

Answer 25

A large, relatively distinct terrestrial region
with characteristic climate, soil, plants, and
animals

Question 26

Climate, particularly _______ and_______ affects the distribution of
Earth’s major ______

Answer 26

temperature precipitation biomes.

Question 27

What is the biggest environmental
problem facing the Earth’s
ecosystems at this time?

Answer 27

Human population

growth