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Bio 121 > Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Biological Molecules Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a geometric isomers

A

Different spatial arrangements around a double covalent bond

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2
Q

what is a enantiomer isomer

A

A mirror image isomer

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3
Q

What is a polymer. How is it linked

A

Long chains of monomers condensation reactions

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4
Q

What is a macromolecule

A

Large polymers linked together

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5
Q

What are some examples of macromolecules

A

Polysaccharides proteins and DNA

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6
Q

What are some examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose fructose ribose

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7
Q

What is it Isomer

A

Chemically identical but Structurally different

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8
Q

What happens when there’s a condensation reaction

A

A hydroxyl group and a hydrogen bond together to make water

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9
Q

What happens in hydrolysis

A

The hydroxyl group and the hydrogen come apart to bind to monomers

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10
Q

What are some examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose fructose ribose

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11
Q

What are two disaccharides

A

Maltose sucrose

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12
Q

What is the chemical formula for glucose

A

C6H12O6

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13
Q

What shapes are disaccharides sugar

A

Hexagon all shapes

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14
Q

What are some examples of storage polysaccharides

A

Starch in plants

glycogen in animals

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15
Q

What are some structural polysaccharides

A

Cellulose cell walls of plants

chitin Cell walls a fungi exoskeletons of anthropods

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16
Q

What is a triacylglycerol

A

The main storage in fat

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17
Q

What are the chemical components to fat

A

glycerol and three fatty acid’s

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18
Q

What makes a fat saturated

A

Is saturated with hydrogens

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19
Q

What makes a fat unsaturated

A

Carbons have double bonds with each other so there aren’t many hydrogens and they kink

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20
Q

What are the chemical components of phospholipids

A

glycerol two fatty acid’s and a phosphate group

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21
Q

What are steroids

A

Carbon Atoms arranged in four rings

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22
Q

What are some examples of steroids

A

Cholesterol bile salts and some hormones

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23
Q

What main things do lipids do

A

Store energy are the main structural components of cell membranes

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24
Q

What are the monomers of proteins

A

Amino acids

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25
Q

What bonds carboxyl groups and amino groups in proteins

A

Peptide bonds

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26
Q

What are the chemical components of proteins

A

Carboxyl group
amino group
r group

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27
Q

Peptide bonds are also

A

Covalent bonds

28
Q

What is primary structure of a protein

A

A linear sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

29
Q

What shapes two things are usually associated with the secondary structure

A

Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet

30
Q

What is secondary structure

A

Regular confirmation hydrogen bonds between amino acids (begin folding)

31
Q

What is tertiary structure

A

The overall shape (3D) of a polypeptide chain chemical interactions of sidechains

32
Q

What causes 3-D shapes in protein structures

A

It’s the hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions between r groups

33
Q

What is quaternary structure

A

Two or more polypeptide chains

34
Q

What chemicals make up nucleotides

A

A nitrogenous base
five carbon sugar
one or more phosphate groups

35
Q

What are nucleic acid’s

A

Long chains of nucleotides

36
Q

What are the functions of nucleic acid

A

To sequence amino acids and proteins

to store and transfer information within the organism

37
Q

What are some examples of nucleotides

A

ATP(Energy metabolism)

NAD+ (electron except are in biological oxidation)

38
Q

What happens when there’s a condensation reaction

A

A hydroxyl group and a hydrogen bond together to make water

39
Q

What happens in hydrolysis

A

The hydroxyl group and the hydrogen come apart to bind to monomers

40
Q

What are some examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose fructose ribose

41
Q

What are two disaccharides

A

Maltose sucrose

42
Q

What is the chemical formula for glucose

A

C6H12O6

43
Q

What shapes are disaccharides sugar

A

Hexagon all shapes

44
Q

What are some examples of storage polysaccharides

A

Starch in plants

glycogen in animals

45
Q

What are some structural polysaccharides

A

Cellulose cell walls of plants

chitin Cell walls a fungi exoskeletons of anthropods

46
Q

What is a triacylglycerol

A

The main storage in fat

47
Q

What are the chemical components to fat

A

glycerol and three fatty acid’s

48
Q

What makes a fat saturated

A

Is saturated with hydrogens

49
Q

What makes a fat unsaturated

A

Carbons have double bonds with each other so there aren’t many hydrogens and they kink

50
Q

What are the chemical components of phospholipids

A

glycerol two fatty acid’s and a phosphate group

51
Q

What are the main functions of phospholipids

A

The cell membrane component

52
Q

What are some examples of steroids

A

Cholesterol bile salts and some hormones

53
Q

What main things do lipids do

A

Store energy are the main structural components of cell membranes

54
Q

What are the monomers of proteins

A

Amino acids

55
Q

What bonds carboxyl groups and amino groups in proteins

A

Peptide bonds

56
Q

What are the chemical components of proteins

A

Carboxyl group
amino group
r group

57
Q

Peptide bonds are also

A

Covalent bonds

58
Q

What is primary structure of a protein

A

A linear sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

59
Q

What shapes two things are usually associated with the secondary structure

A

Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet

60
Q

What is secondary structure

A

Regular confirmation hydrogen bonds between amino acids (begin folding)

61
Q

What is tertiary structure

A

The overall shape (3D) of a polypeptide chain chemical interactions of sidechains

62
Q

What causes 3-D shapes in protein structures

A

It’s the hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions between r groups

63
Q

What is quaternary structure

A

Two or more polypeptide chains

64
Q

What chemicals make up nucleotides

A

A nitrogenous base
five carbon sugar
one or more phosphate groups

65
Q

What are nucleic acid’s

A

Long chains of nucleotides

66
Q

What are the functions of nucleic acid

A

To sequence amino acids and proteins

to store and transfer information within the organism

67
Q

What are some examples of nucleotides

A

ATP(Energy metabolism)

NAD+ (electron except are in biological oxidation)

Bio 121 (12 decks)

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