echinoderm Flashcards
Echinoderm
Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the Phylum Echinodermata of marine animals. The adults are recognizable by their radial symmetry, and include such well-known animals as starfish
Endoskeleton
an internal skeleton, such as the bony or cartilaginous skeleton of vertebrates.
Pedicellariae
is a blanket term that is used to describe a panoply of tiny claw, clamp, wrench or beak shaped structures that are present on the external surface of starfish and sea urchins.
Madreporite
is a lightcolored calcerous opening used to filter water into the water vascular system of echinoderms. It acts like a pressure-equalizing valve.
Radial canal
canals extending through the substance of the umbrella from the gastric cavity to the marginal circular canal in jellyfish
Ring canal
the circular water tube that surrounds the esophagus of echinoderms.
Arm / Ray
there arms
Radial Symmetry
arrangement of parts of an organism around a single main axis, so that the organism can be divided into similar halves by any plane that contains the main axis.
Bilateral Symmetry
arrangement of an organism or part of an organism along a central axis, so that the organism or part can be divided into two equal halves.
Water Vascular System
is a hydraulic system used by echinoderms, such as sea stars and sea urchins, for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration.
Ambulacral Groove
ridge on the aboral side of each ray, known as an ambulacrum. These have interambulacra between them.
Ossicles
are three bones in either middle ear that are among the smallest bones in the human body. They serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth
Pyloric Caecum
one of the tubular pouches opening into the alimentary canal in the pyloric region of most fishes.
Pyloric Stomach
connects the stomach to the duodenum.
Cardiac Stomach
consists of a mouth; an esophagus; a two-chambered foregut; a midgut with outpocketings called digestive glands, or hepatopancreas; and a hindgut, or rectum. The large anterior foregut, or cardiac stomach, occupies much of the posterior aspect of the head and the anterior thoracic body cavity.
Ampullae
a roughly spherical flask with two handles, used in ancient Rome.
Gonads
an organ that produces gametes; a testis or ovary
Central Disc
protrusion is a type of spinal disc disorder that can result in neck or back pain, as well as other symptoms due to nerve irritation.
Tube Feet
are the many small tubular projections found on the oral face of a sea star’s arms; they are characteristic of the water vascular system of the echinoderm phylum, which also includes sea urchins, sand dollars and sea cucumbers and many other sea creatures.
External Fertilization
in which a sperm cell unites with an egg cell in the open, rather than inside specialized organs within the bodies of the parents. In contrast, internal fertilization takes place inside the female after insemination through copulation.
Regeneration
is the process of renewal, restoration, and growth that makes genomes, cells, organisms, and ecosystems resilient to natural fluctuations or events that cause disturbance or damage.
Sea star
Starfish or sea stars
Sea urchin
Sea urchins or urchins, archaically called sea hedgehogs, are small, spiny, globular animals that, with their close kin, such as sand dollars, constitute the class Echinoidea of the echinoderm phylum.
Sand dollar
The term sand dollar are species of extremely flattened, burrowing sea urchins belonging to the order Clypeasteroida. Some species within the order, not quite as flat, are known as sea biscuits
Sea lilies
are crinoids with a calyx and five pairs of feather-like arms standing on a long stalk which is retained throughout the animal’s life
Feather stars
Crinoids are marine animals that make up the class Crinoidea of the echinoderms.
Sea cucumbers
Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea. They are marine animals with a leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad.
Sea daisies
Sea daisies make up an unusual group of deep-sea taxa belonging to the phylum Echinodermata, with three species described in the genus Xyloplax.
Brittle star
Brittle stars or ophiuroids are echinoderms in the class Ophiuroidea closely related to starfish. They crawl across the sea floor using their flexible arms for locomotion.
