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HSC7111 - Cardiology > ECGs > Flashcards

ECGs Flashcards

1
Q

What are juvenile T waves?

A

Precordial Twaves normally inverted at birth. After childhood become upright, but some stay inverted.

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2
Q

What are possible signs of early repolarisation?

A

J point notching
Concavity of ST segment
No evidence of reciprocal changes
Rare over 50y

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3
Q

What are the ECG changes for a Type 1, 2nd degree AV block, and where does it originate?

A

‘I’ncreasing PR interval.

Originates in AV node.

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4
Q

What is the quick axis deviation method?

A

Norm: 1 positive & aVF positive
LAD: 1 positive & aVF negative
RAD: 1 negative & aVF positive

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5
Q

What are the ECG changes for a Type 2, 2nd degree AV block, and where does it originate?

A

Every x beat dropped.

Originates in His-Purkinje system.

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6
Q

What is the pathophysiology behind SVTs?

A

AV node has a fast & a slow pathway. Normally impulse travels down fast & half up slow, stopping slow impulse. PAC causes early slow impulse which then goes up fast path & down slow again.

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7
Q

What are the ECG changes for a 3rd degree block?

A

Complete dissociation.
A rate > V rate.
Bradycardia.

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8
Q

What is the Brugada Criteria?

A

Concordance = VT OR
Brugada Sign = VT OR
AV dissociation = VT OR
BBB Criteria

Brugada Sign = Start of R to deepest part of S > 0.1s

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8
Q

Define pathological Q waves…

A

Pathological if greater than 0.03s duration or 1/3 amplitude of R wave

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10
Q

What are the ECG criteria for pathological Q waves?

A

Pathological if greater than 0.03s duration or

1/3 amplitude of R wave

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11
Q

What are the ECG changes for a LBBB?

A

QRS > 0.12s
Negative monophonic V1 (can have small r)
Positive monophonic V6 (& I)

Always due to pathology

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12
Q

What is the intrinsicoid deflection and what does it represent?

A

Beginning of QRS to beginning of R downslope. Represents time taken for electrical impulse to travel from purkinje system in endocardium to surface of epicardium near electrode.

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13
Q

What is the J point?

A

End of QRS, beginning of ST segment

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14
Q

What is the ECG criteria for a normal P wave?

A

2-3 squares (0.08-0.12s). Symmetrical & monomorphic.

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15
Q

What is the ECG criteria for a normal PR interval?

A

3-5 squares (0.12-0.2s).

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16
Q

What is the ECG criteria for a normal QRS duration?

A

1.5-3 squares (0.06-0.12s).

16
Q

Describe T waves deflection…

A

Positive deflection as repolarises in opposite direction (unlike Tp wave) due to increased pressure on endocardium during contraction reducing blood supply. Like Tp is negative charge.

17
Q

What leads are unipolar?

A

V1-V6, aVL, aVF & aVR. Unipolar uses one physical & one calculated lead.

18
Q

Why does the T wave have a positive deflection?

A

Positive deflection as repolarises in opposite direction to repolarisation (unlike Tp wave) due to increased pressure on endocardium during contraction reducing blood supply. Like Tp, is negative charge.

19
Q

What leads are bipolar?

A

I, II & III. Bipolar uses 2 physical leads.

21
Q

What is the triplicate method of rate calculation?

A

300-150-100-75-60-50

22
Q

What is the R-R method of rhythm rate calculation?

A

300 / # large squares between Rs

23
Q

What is the 6s method of rhythm rate calculation?

A

10x number of R waves in 30s strip

24
Q

What are the ECG criteria for pathological T waves?

A

Twave 2/3 height Rwave V2-V4

25
Q

What is IACD and what are the ECG changes seen?

A

Intratrial Conduction Delay.

Biphasic P wave in V1.

26
Q

What are the ECG signs of a possible pericardial effusion?

A

.

27
Q

What are the ECG changes in pregnancy?

A

.

28
Q

How do you calculate QT interval and what is a normal QTc?

A

QT = 1/2 RR
QTc < 0.45s (male)
QTc < 0.47s (female)

29
Q

What are the ECG changes seen in a RBBB?

A

QRS > 0.12
Terminal R wave in V1
Slurred S wave in V6 (& I)

HSC7111 - Cardiology (13 decks)

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