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NPTE Cardio, Pulm & Lymph > ECG waveforms and cliques > Flashcards

ECG waveforms and cliques Flashcards

1
Q

P wave

A

Atrial depolarization

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2
Q

PR interval

A

Time for atrial depolarization and conduction of SA to AV node

(.12-.20 seconds)

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3
Q

QRS Complex

A

Ventricular depolarization

Atrial repolarization

(.06-.10 seconds)

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4
Q

ST segment

A

Ventricles depolarized

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5
Q

T wave

A

Ventricular repolarization

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6
Q

What is normal sinus rhythm?

A

Normal electrical conduction

between 60-100 bpm

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7
Q

What is sinus bradycardia?

A

Sinus rhythm

< 60 bpm

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8
Q

What is sinus tachycardia?

A

Sinus rhythm

> 100 bpm

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9
Q

What is sinus arrest?

A

Sinus rhythm

Occasional complete absence of P or QRS interval

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10
Q

What is a Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC)?

A

Ectopic focus in atrium initiates impulse before SA node

**Usually harmless. > 9 = get a physician!**

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11
Q

What is Atrial Flutter

A

Ectopic Focus (1) - takes over normal pacemaker of the heart

Very rapid atrial tach

F wave (“saw tooth pattern”)

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12
Q

What is Atrial Fib?

A

Ectopic Foci (1+)

Atria depolarized 350-600x/min

“bouncy baseline”

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13
Q

What is a Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)?

A

Ectopic focus (1) - premature ventricular depolarization

Bigeminy: every 2

Trigeminy: every 3

Couplet: 2 in a row

Unifocal PVC: look the same - coming from same spot

Multifocal PVC: look different - coming from different spots

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14
Q

What is Ventricular Tach?

A

Ectopic Focus (1)

3 or more PVCs at rate of > 150 bpm

**EMERGENCY: longer than 30 seconds = life threatening**

Common cause: MI, Cardiomyopathy, and Valvular Disease

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15
Q

What is Ventricular Fibrillation (v-fib)?

A

Ectopic Foci (1+)

Chaotic activity in ventricles

**EMERGENCY: pt in cardiac arrest!**

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16
Q

What is a 1st Degree Heart Block?

A

Consistent long PR interval

Consistent beat to beat

**No symptoms**

17
Q

What is a 2nd Degree Heart Block - Mobitz Type I or Wenkebach?

A

progressively longer PR interval until one impulse DROPS

18
Q

What is a 2nd Degree Heart Block - Mobitz Type II?

A

Consecutive normal PR intervals and then DROPPED segment

**No PT. Treat with meds or pacemaker**

19
Q

What is a 3rd Degree (Complete) Heart Block?

A

Complete block of impulse for SA node

Atria and ventricles depolarizing independently

**EMERGENCY**

20
Q

What causes ST Segment Depression?

A
  • Subendocardial ischemia
  • Dig toxicity
  • Hypo or hyperkalemia
21
Q

What causes ST segment eleveation?

A

Acute transmural infarction

22
Q

What causes a T wave inversion?

A
  • Occurs hours or days after MI
  • May occur with R or L bundle branch blocks
23
Q

If a patient has a PVC during treatment, what is the first thing you should do?

A
  • Make sure patient can rest on stable surface
  • Determine frequency of PVC’s

NPTE Cardio, Pulm & Lymph (8 decks)

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