Cardiac Terms, Pathology and HTN Classification Flashcards
What is Endocarditis?
Inflammation of the endothelium that lines the heart and cardiac valves
What is Normal BP?
SBP < 120 mm Hg
DBP < 80 mm Hg
What is Cor Pulmonale or Pulmonary Heart Disease?
Hypertrophy of the right ventricle caused by altered structure or function of the lungs
What is Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)?
Veins and valves in LE are damaged and cannot keep blood flowing to the heart
What is Heart Failure?
Heart cannot maintain a normal cardiac output to meet body’s demands for blood and oxygen. (Progressive)
What is the Parasympathetic Influence on the heart?
- Dec HR: Slow heart rate (- chronotropic effect)
What is the pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoarial (SA) node
What is Hypertension?
SBP > or = 140 mm Hg
DBP > or = 90 mm Hg
What is Prinzmetal (variant) Angina?
Occurs due to coronary artery spasm most often associated with coronary artery disease
What is Cardiomyopathy?
Group of conditions that affect the myocardium
What is a Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
Characterized by hypertrophy of the interventricular septum
What is the BP range for a Stage 2 Hypertensive Adult?
SBP > or = 160 mm Hg
SBP > or = 100 mm Hg
Pericardium
Double-walled connective tissue sac around outside of heart
What is Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)?
Stenotic, occulsive and aneurysmal diseases of the aorta and peripheral arteries
What is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?
Narrowing or blockage of the coronary artery due to plaques
What is Unstable Angina?
- More intense than Stable Angina
- Lasts longer
- Occurs spontaneously at rest
- Is progressive
- *Any combination of the above
What is Lymphedema?
Edema, or swelling, due to an accumulation in the extremities
Myocardium
thick contractile muscle layer
What is the Sympathetic Influence on the heart?
- Inc HR: Chambers beat faster (+ chronotropic effect)
- Inc SV: Greater force contraction (+ inotropic effect)
What is Rheumatic Fever?
Inflammatory disease that can develop as a complication of untreated or poorly treated strep throat A bacteria
What is a Restrictive Cardiomyopathy?
Characterized by rigid, noncompliant myocardium - doesn’t want to stretch out
What is Bruits auscultated?
audible vascular sound associated with turbulent blood flow (stethoscope or palpation)
What is the BP range for a Stage 1 Hypertensive Adult?
SBP 140 - 159 mm Hg
DBP 90 - 99 mm Hg
What is Atherosclerosis?
Slow progressive accumulation of plaque in the arteries
What is a Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
Characterized by ventricular dilation and severely impaired systolic function
What is Myocarditis?
Inflammation and weakness of the myocardium
What is Stable Angina?
Sensations in myocardium that happen at predictable level of exertion and responds to rest or nitroglycerin
- non-radiating
- lasts 5-15 mins
What is Valvular Heart Disease?
Damage to one or more heart’s valves results in regurgitation or stenosis of blood flow
What is the BP range for a Prehypertensive Adult?
SBP 120 - 139 mm Hg
DBP 80 - 89 mm Hg
What are the most common places for an Aneurysm to occur?
- Thoracic aorta
- Abdominal aorta
- Vessels in the brain
What is a Heart Murmur?
Abnormal swishing or whooshing sound heard by auscultation sometime during cardiac cycle
What is a Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?
Blood clot forms in one or more deep veins; usually in LE
What is a Myocardial Infarction (MI)?
AKA Heart Attack
Blood flow severely reduced or cut off completely -> causes irreversible necrosis to portion of the myocardium
What is the normal cardiac conduction path of the heart?
SA Node -> AV Node -> Bundle of His -> R & L Bundle branches -> Purkinjie Fibers
Endocardium
lines interior of hearts chambers
What is Pericarditis?
Inflammation of the pericardium
What is an Aneurysm?
Localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel -> usually an artery
Epicardium
contains arteries and veins in serous layer of pericardium
