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NPTE Cardio, Pulm & Lymph > Cardiac Terms, Pathology and HTN Classification > Flashcards

Cardiac Terms, Pathology and HTN Classification Flashcards

1
Q

What is Endocarditis?

A

Inflammation of the endothelium that lines the heart and cardiac valves

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2
Q

What is Normal BP?

A

SBP < 120 mm Hg

DBP < 80 mm Hg

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3
Q

What is Cor Pulmonale or Pulmonary Heart Disease?

A

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle caused by altered structure or function of the lungs

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4
Q

What is Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)?

A

Veins and valves in LE are damaged and cannot keep blood flowing to the heart

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5
Q

What is Heart Failure?

A

Heart cannot maintain a normal cardiac output to meet body’s demands for blood and oxygen. (Progressive)

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6
Q

What is the Parasympathetic Influence on the heart?

A
  • Dec HR: Slow heart rate (- chronotropic effect)
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7
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

A

Sinoarial (SA) node

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8
Q

What is Hypertension?

A

SBP > or = 140 mm Hg

DBP > or = 90 mm Hg

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9
Q

What is Prinzmetal (variant) Angina?

A

Occurs due to coronary artery spasm most often associated with coronary artery disease

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10
Q

What is Cardiomyopathy?

A

Group of conditions that affect the myocardium

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11
Q

What is a Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

A

Characterized by hypertrophy of the interventricular septum

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12
Q

What is the BP range for a Stage 2 Hypertensive Adult?

A

SBP > or = 160 mm Hg

SBP > or = 100 mm Hg

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13
Q

Pericardium

A

Double-walled connective tissue sac around outside of heart

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14
Q

What is Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)?

A

Stenotic, occulsive and aneurysmal diseases of the aorta and peripheral arteries

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15
Q

What is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?

A

Narrowing or blockage of the coronary artery due to plaques

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16
Q

What is Unstable Angina?

A
  • More intense than Stable Angina
  • Lasts longer
  • Occurs spontaneously at rest
  • Is progressive
  • *Any combination of the above
17
Q

What is Lymphedema?

A

Edema, or swelling, due to an accumulation in the extremities

18
Q

Myocardium

A

thick contractile muscle layer

19
Q

What is the Sympathetic Influence on the heart?

A
  • Inc HR: Chambers beat faster (+ chronotropic effect)

- Inc SV: Greater force contraction (+ inotropic effect)

20
Q

What is Rheumatic Fever?

A

Inflammatory disease that can develop as a complication of untreated or poorly treated strep throat A bacteria

21
Q

What is a Restrictive Cardiomyopathy?

A

Characterized by rigid, noncompliant myocardium - doesn’t want to stretch out

22
Q

What is Bruits auscultated?

A

audible vascular sound associated with turbulent blood flow (stethoscope or palpation)

23
Q

What is the BP range for a Stage 1 Hypertensive Adult?

A

SBP 140 - 159 mm Hg

DBP 90 - 99 mm Hg

24
Q

What is Atherosclerosis?

A

Slow progressive accumulation of plaque in the arteries

25
Q

What is a Dilated Cardiomyopathy?

A

Characterized by ventricular dilation and severely impaired systolic function

26
Q

What is Myocarditis?

A

Inflammation and weakness of the myocardium

27
Q

What is Stable Angina?

A

Sensations in myocardium that happen at predictable level of exertion and responds to rest or nitroglycerin

  • non-radiating
  • lasts 5-15 mins
28
Q

What is Valvular Heart Disease?

A

Damage to one or more heart’s valves results in regurgitation or stenosis of blood flow

29
Q

What is the BP range for a Prehypertensive Adult?

A

SBP 120 - 139 mm Hg

DBP 80 - 89 mm Hg

30
Q

What are the most common places for an Aneurysm to occur?

A
  • Thoracic aorta
  • Abdominal aorta
  • Vessels in the brain
31
Q

What is a Heart Murmur?

A

Abnormal swishing or whooshing sound heard by auscultation sometime during cardiac cycle

32
Q

What is a Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?

A

Blood clot forms in one or more deep veins; usually in LE

33
Q

What is a Myocardial Infarction (MI)?

A

AKA Heart Attack

Blood flow severely reduced or cut off completely -> causes irreversible necrosis to portion of the myocardium

34
Q

What is the normal cardiac conduction path of the heart?

A

SA Node -> AV Node -> Bundle of His -> R & L Bundle branches -> Purkinjie Fibers

35
Q

Endocardium

A

lines interior of hearts chambers

36
Q

What is Pericarditis?

A

Inflammation of the pericardium

37
Q

What is an Aneurysm?

A

Localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel -> usually an artery

38
Q

Epicardium

A

contains arteries and veins in serous layer of pericardium

NPTE Cardio, Pulm & Lymph (8 decks)

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