Cardiac Terms, Pathology and HTN Classification

Question 1

What is Endocarditis?

Answer 1

Inflammation of the endothelium that lines the heart and cardiac valves

Question 2

What is Normal BP?

Answer 2

SBP < 120 mm Hg

DBP < 80 mm Hg

Question 3

What is Cor Pulmonale or Pulmonary Heart Disease?

Answer 3

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle caused by altered structure or function of the lungs

Question 4

What is Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)?

Answer 4

Veins and valves in LE are damaged and cannot keep blood flowing to the heart

Question 5

What is Heart Failure?

Answer 5

Heart cannot maintain a normal cardiac output to meet body’s demands for blood and oxygen. (Progressive)

Question 6

What is the Parasympathetic Influence on the heart?

Answer 6

• Dec HR: Slow heart rate (- chronotropic effect)

Question 7

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

Answer 7

Sinoarial (SA) node

Question 8

What is Hypertension?

Answer 8

SBP > or = 140 mm Hg

DBP > or = 90 mm Hg

Question 9

What is Prinzmetal (variant) Angina?

Answer 9

Occurs due to coronary artery spasm most often associated with coronary artery disease

Question 10

What is Cardiomyopathy?

Answer 10

Group of conditions that affect the myocardium

Question 11

What is a Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

Answer 11

Characterized by hypertrophy of the interventricular septum

Question 12

What is the BP range for a Stage 2 Hypertensive Adult?

Answer 12

SBP > or = 160 mm Hg

SBP > or = 100 mm Hg

Question 13

Pericardium

Answer 13

Double-walled connective tissue sac around outside of heart

Question 14

What is Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)?

Answer 14

Stenotic, occulsive and aneurysmal diseases of the aorta and peripheral arteries

Question 15

What is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?

Answer 15

Narrowing or blockage of the coronary artery due to plaques

Question 16

What is Unstable Angina?

Answer 16

• More intense than Stable Angina
• Lasts longer
• Occurs spontaneously at rest
• Is progressive
• *Any combination of the above

Question 17

What is Lymphedema?

Answer 17

Edema, or swelling, due to an accumulation in the extremities

Question 18

Myocardium

Answer 18

thick contractile muscle layer

Question 19

What is the Sympathetic Influence on the heart?

Answer 19

• Inc HR: Chambers beat faster (+ chronotropic effect)

- Inc SV: Greater force contraction (+ inotropic effect)

Question 20

What is Rheumatic Fever?

Answer 20

Inflammatory disease that can develop as a complication of untreated or poorly treated strep throat A bacteria

Question 21

What is a Restrictive Cardiomyopathy?

Answer 21

Characterized by rigid, noncompliant myocardium - doesn’t want to stretch out

Question 22

What is Bruits auscultated?

Answer 22

audible vascular sound associated with turbulent blood flow (stethoscope or palpation)

Question 23

What is the BP range for a Stage 1 Hypertensive Adult?

Answer 23

SBP 140 - 159 mm Hg

DBP 90 - 99 mm Hg

Question 24

What is Atherosclerosis?

Answer 24

Slow progressive accumulation of plaque in the arteries

Question 25

What is a Dilated Cardiomyopathy?

Answer 25

Characterized by ventricular dilation and severely impaired systolic function

Question 26

What is Myocarditis?

Answer 26

Inflammation and weakness of the myocardium

Question 27

What is Stable Angina?

Answer 27

Sensations in myocardium that happen at predictable level of exertion and responds to rest or nitroglycerin - non-radiating - lasts 5-15 mins

Question 28

What is Valvular Heart Disease?

Answer 28

Damage to one or more heart's valves results in regurgitation or stenosis of blood flow

Question 29

What is the BP range for a Prehypertensive Adult?

Answer 29

SBP 120 - 139 mm Hg | DBP 80 - 89 mm Hg

Question 30

What are the most common places for an Aneurysm to occur?

Answer 30

- Thoracic aorta - Abdominal aorta - Vessels in the brain

Question 31

What is a Heart Murmur?

Answer 31

Abnormal swishing or whooshing sound heard by auscultation sometime during cardiac cycle

Question 32

What is a Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?

Answer 32

Blood clot forms in one or more deep veins; usually in LE

Question 33

What is a Myocardial Infarction (MI)?

Answer 33

AKA Heart Attack | Blood flow severely reduced or cut off completely -> causes irreversible necrosis to portion of the myocardium

Question 34

What is the normal cardiac conduction path of the heart?

Answer 34

SA Node -> AV Node -> Bundle of His -> R & L Bundle branches -> Purkinjie Fibers

Question 35

Endocardium

Answer 35

lines interior of hearts chambers

Question 36

What is Pericarditis?

Answer 36

Inflammation of the pericardium

Question 37

What is an Aneurysm?

Answer 37

Localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel -> usually an artery

Question 38

Epicardium

Answer 38

contains arteries and veins in serous layer of pericardium