Cardiac Meds, Lab Values, and ABGs Flashcards
What is the normal value for:
pH
- 4
7. 35-7.45
What is the normal value for:
PaCO2
40 mm hg
35-45
What is the normal value for:
PaO2
97 mm Hg
80-100
What is the normal value for:
HCO3-
24 mEq/L
22-26
What pH level indicates acidosis?
< 7.4
What pH level indicates alkalosis?
> 7.4
What ABG values indicate Respiratory Acidosis?
HIGH PaCO2, LOW pH
- PaCO2 > 45 mm Hg
- pH < 7.4
*Respiratory = high and low are OPPOSITES direction
What ABG values indicate Respiratory Alkalosis?
LOW PaCO2, HIGH pH
- PaCO2 < 45 mm Hg
- pH > 7.4
*Respiratory = high and low are OPPOSITES direction
What ABG values indicate Metabolic Alkalosis?
HIGH HCO3-, HIGH pH
- HCO3- > 24 mm Hg
- pH > 7.4
*Metabolic = high and low are SAME direction
What ABG values indicate Metabolic Acidosis?
LOW HCO3-, LOW pH
- HCO3- < 24 mm Hg
- pH < 7.4
*Metabolic = high and low are SAME direction
What is the normal value for:
Hematocrit
3.5-.45
What is the normal value for:
Hemoglobin
12-16
What is the normal value for:
Total Cholesterol
<200 mg/dL
What is the normal value for:
LDL Cholesterol
< 100 mg/dL
What is the normal value for:
HDL Cholesterol
> 40 mg/dL
> or = 60 mg/dL is high and good!
What is the normal value for:
Tryglyceride
< 150 mg/dL
What do Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist Agents do?
- Reduce peripheral vascular tone
- Dilate arterioles and veins
- Dec BP
What do Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors do?
Dec BP and afterload
What do Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Agents do?
- Limit vasoconstriction
- Stimulate vascular tissue
What do Anticoagulant Agents do?
Inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombus formation
What do Antihyperlipidemia Agents (Stains) do?
- Inhibit enzyme action in cholesterol synthesis
- Break down low density lipoproteins
- Dec trigylceride
- Inc HDL
What do Antithrombotic (Antiplatelet) Agents do?
Inhibit clot formation
What do Beta Blockers do?
- Dec myocardial oxygen demand
- Dec HR and contractility
What do Calcium Channel Blocker Agents do?
- Dec myocardial contraction
- Dec vasodilation
- Dec O2 demand of heart
What do Diuretic Agents do?
Inc excretion of sodium and urine
What do Nitrates do?
Dec ischemia through (muscle relaxation and dilation of peripheral vessels)
What do Positive Inotropic Agents do?
Inc force & velocity of contraction
What do Thrombolytic Agents do?
Break down clots
What is the most common side effect with cardiac meds?
Hypotension
What are the PT implications for Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist Agents and Nitrates?
- Orthostatic Hypotension or Dizziness
What are the PT implications for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors?
- Hypotension (dizzy/fainting)
- pts with heart failure should avoid rapid increases in PT
What are the PT implications for Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Agents?
Minimal
What are the PT implications for Anticoagulant, Antithrombotic (Antiplatelet) and Thrombolytics?
Risk of excessive bleeding or bruising. Avoid injury.
What are the PT implications for Antihyperlipidemia Agents (Stains)?
Aerobic exercise inc HDL and maximize effects of drug therapy
What are the PT implications for Beta Blockers and Calcium Channel Blockers?
HR and BP response to exercise diminished –> use RPE scale
- Risk of Orthostatic Hypotension
What are the PT implications for Diuretic Agents?
- Hypotension, dizziness, falls
- Watch for signs and symptoms of electrolyte imbalance
What are the PT implications for Positive Inotropic Agents?
Monitor HR during activity. Get help if < 60 or > 100 bpm
