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Cardiology > ECG Basic Principles > Flashcards

ECG Basic Principles Flashcards

1
Q

What is a electrocardiogram?

A

A graphic Representation of depolarization and repolarization in the myocardium

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2
Q

Where does the first depolarization take place?

A

Top left heart??? Not at the apex

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3
Q

Where does the Sinus node depolarization take place?

A

Right before the PR interval

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4
Q

Why are the repolarization and depolarization both positive?

A

They occur in opposite directions. and have opposite charges which cancel out.

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5
Q

How was the direction of cardiac impulses discovered?

A

Vector cardiography

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6
Q

What phase does the ST segment correspond to?

A

Phase 2

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7
Q

Where do the lines of einhoven’s triangle intersect?

A

the AV junction

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8
Q

What is different about the Transverse (V) leads?

A

There is no resistance in the leads

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9
Q

What are the methods of determining HR?

A

Count complexes in 6 sec or

Memorize the rates for each large square

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10
Q

What are the rates for each large square?

A 
300
150
100
75
60
50
43
37
35
30
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11
Q

What are the Variables in ECG interpretation?

A

Duration
Amplitude
Morphology
Vector

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12
Q

What are the qualities of the P wave?

A

Record both atrial depolarizations
Upright in inferior and lateral leads
ALWAYS Negative in aVR
Duration

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13
Q

What are instances that would have a Positive P wave in aVR?

A

Incorrect lead placement

AV node is the pacemaker

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14
Q

What could prolong the P wave?

A

Larger atria making signal take longer to travel

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15
Q

Which lead is the best for looking at the P wave?

A

Lead 2

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16
Q

Anatomically, where is the Right/ Left atrium?

A

Anterior/Posterior

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17
Q

Where is V1 in relation to the RA?

A

It is placed directly over the RA

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18
Q

What will you see in a prolonged P wave in Lead 2?

A

A notch in the P wave

19
Q

What can increse the P wave amplitude?

A

Larger mass of Atria

20
Q

What does the PR interval tell you?

A

Depolarization events from atrium through AVN, his bundle, bundle branches, and purkinjie fibers

21
Q

What is the normal duration of PR interval? 1st degree AV block?

A

.12-.20sec
PR >.20 sec
Increases with age

22
Q

What is a short PR interval called?

A

Pre-excitation

23
Q

What is the normal duration of QRS interval?

A

.07-.11 sec

24
Q

What does increased amplitude of QRS tell you?

Decreased?

A

Tall or deep tells you increased muscle mass or chamber dilation

Low Voltage

25
Q

What is the Q wave?

A

First downward deflection from baseline

26
Q

When will a Q wave be visible?

A

After an MI there will not be the same cardiac activity to overshadow it.

27
Q

Normal length of Q wave?

A
28
Q

What is the R wave?

A

The first upward deflection from baseline

High left septum depolarizing toward V1

29
Q

What happens to R wave as you go from V1-V6?

A

It increases in amplitude

30
Q

What Is the Second R wave in the same complex called

A

R prime

31
Q

What is the S wave?

A

First downward deflection from baseline after initil R wave

32
Q

What happens to the Sa wave as you go from V1-V6?

A

It decreases in amplitude

33
Q

What is the name of the point where the ST segment and the T wave come together?

A

The J point

34
Q

What does an elevated or depressed J wave tell you?

A

Repolarization abnormality

35
Q

What does the T wave tell you?

A

Ventricular Repolarization

36
Q

What is the normal amplitude of T waves?

A
37
Q

What direction does the T wave usually go?

A

In the same direction as QRS

38
Q

What is a U wave?

A

Small, rounded wave after T.

39
Q

What does the QT interval measure?

A

Measures duration of activation and repolarization or entire ventricular myocardium
Beg of QRS to end of T wave

40
Q

What is the normal rane of axis in normal people?

A

-15 to 100 degrees

41
Q

What is the Axis?

A

Mean direction of ventricular myocardiumdepolarization

42
Q

What is the axis if 1 is positive and aVF is positive?

A

Normal

43
Q

What is the axis if 1 is negative and aVF is negative?

A

Leftward

44
Q

What is the axis if 1 is negative and aVF is positive?

A

rightward

Cardiology (22 decks)

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