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MedY3 > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

2 instances where ST segment may be raised

A

Acute myocardial infarction

Pericarditis uniformly all leads

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2
Q

2 instances where ST segment may be depressed

A

Ischaemia

Digoxin

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3
Q

List characteristics observed in an ECG of a pt. on digoxin

A

Downward sloping ST segments
‘Reverse tick’
Inverse t waves

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4
Q

What do deep q waves indicate?

A

Myocardial infarction if Q wave > 1mm across 2mm deep.

Q wave does not indicate age of infarction

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5
Q

3 things inverted T waves are associated with:

A

Bundle branch Block
Ischaemia
Ventricular hypertrophy

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6
Q

3 characteristics of PE ECG

A

MOST commonly: normal ECG sinus tachy

Right axis deviation
Inverted t waves V2 V3
Possibly right ventricular hypertrophy

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7
Q

Low electrical voltage electrical alterans.

A

Cardiac tamponade

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8
Q

Tall R wave V1

Tall S wave V5/6

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy

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9
Q

What is observed L Atrial hypertrophy ?

A

Biphasic P waves in V1

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10
Q

What is observed in right atrial hypertrophy/ strain?

A

Peaked T waves (>2.5mm) leads II, V1

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11
Q

What are some causes of right atrial overload ?

A

Pulmonary hypertension

Right heart failure

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12
Q

4 causes of right heart strain that can lead to R BBB

A

Pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary emboli
Chronic lung disease
Mitral valve pathology

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13
Q

4 potential causes of LBBB

A

Ischemic heart disease
Hypertension
Aortic stenosis
Cardiomyopathy

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14
Q

2 points on Type 1 Second-degree heart block

A
  • Wenkebach phenomenon
  • gradual prolongation of PR interval until one P wave is not conducted to ventricles
  • association with inferior myocardial infractions
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15
Q

2 points on Type 2 Second-degree heart block

A
  • normal sinus rate
  • more P waves than QRS complexes
    PR interval remains constant !
  • block is 2:1, 3:1 or more
  • associated with anterior myocardial infarcts
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16
Q

Patients with HOCM (2)

A

Non specific ECG features may be seen
Evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy
Widespread broad Q waves

17
Q

In the cardiac axis, what angles constitute as being positive?

A

Angles -30 to 90 are positive

18
Q

Dagger q waves

A

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

19
Q

Right axis deviation
RBBB
S1Q2T3
Sinus tachy.

A

Pulmonary embolism

20
Q

Causes of inverse T waves

A 
Ischemia
Bundle branch block 
Ventricular hypertrophy
Digoxin 
Normal in Iii, VR and V1 and aVL
21
Q

What is Wolf-Parkinson White and what are the signs

A

Form of AVRT (atrioventricular reciprocal tachycardia), whereby alternative conducting pathway Bundle of Kent allows for antidromic or orthodontic types of WPW.

Short PR interval
Slurred upstroke- delta wave

22
Q

First degree heart block

A

Long PR interval, >0.20 sec or >5small squares

23
Q

Second degree type 1 heart block

A

Wenkebach phenomenon

PR interval extending in length, eventually culminating in a dropped beat

24
Q

Second degree type 2 heart block

A

PR interval normal, fixed ratio of dropped beat.

(Requires pacing) indicates problem with septal conducting fibres

25
Q

Third degree heart block

A

Complete disassociation between p waves and q waves

26
Q

Supra ventricular tachycardia vs junctional tachycardia

A

No p waves , continual fast depolarisation through AV node

27
Q

4ddx for STEMI

A

STEMI
Lv hypertrophy
Ventricular Aneurysm
Benign early polarisation

28
Q

Criteria for LVh

A

7 big squares

29
Q

SVT

A

ST depression in lateral leads effect of going fast
Young females
Treat with adenosine

30
Q

Torsades

A

Long qt syndrome

31
Q

Wenkebach - what sort of people get it?

A

High vagal turn over in young people at night time

Very fit

32
Q

Signs of hyper kalaemia

A

Peaked T waves
Sine waves
Broad QRS
Eventually ventricular tachycardia

MedY3 (16 decks)

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