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Y6 Senior Med > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

what leads supply the septal heart

A

V1, V2

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2
Q

what leads supply the anterior heart

A

V3, V4

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3
Q

what leads supply the apical/lateral heart

A

V5, V6

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4
Q

what leads supply the lateral heart

A

L1, aVL

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5
Q

what leads supply the inferior heart

A

L2, L3, aVF

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6
Q

How much is each small square in ECG worth

A

0.04s

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7
Q

How much is each large square in ECG worth

A

0.2s

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8
Q

What leads does the LAD supply

A

V1-V4

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9
Q

What occurs if the LAD is blocked

A

HF

because the LAD suppies the powerhouse of the heart

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10
Q

What leads does the LCx supply

A

L1, AVL + V5, V6

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11
Q

what artery supply leads L2, L3, AvF

+ SAN, AVN

A

RCA&raquo_space; obstruction of this artery leads to heart block

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12
Q

How must you present an ECG (order of things)

A
  1. Patient details + indictions + prior ECG
  2. Rate
  3. Rhythm
  4. Axis
  5. P wave
  6. PR interval
  7. BBB
  8. QRS complex
  9. T wave
  10. ST segment
  11. QT interval
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13
Q

How do you count rate

A

number of R waves on rhythm strip x 6
OR
300/ number of large squares betweeen R waves

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14
Q

How do you assess rhythm

A

P waves before every QRS? > sinus

regular? if not, is it IRregularly irreg or regularly irreg

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15
Q

What can cause a regularly irreg rhythm

A

heart block second degree

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16
Q

what causes an irreg irreg rhytm

A

SVT (AF, AFlut)

VF, torsade

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17
Q

What is a common cause of a bradicardia

A

Heart block (esp 1st degree, which is regular)

18
Q

How do you determine AXIS

A

look at LI and LII:

  • if they Leave > LEFT AXIS DEVIATION
  • if they Reach for each other > RIGHT axis deviation
19
Q

causes of right axis deviatino

A

normal in children and skinny adults
lateral MI
RVH

20
Q

causes of left axis dev

A

LBBB
inferior MI
pacemaker rhythm

(LVH does NOT cause Left axis deviation because even as it enlarges the rhythm keeps going the normal direction)

21
Q

What causes an abnormal P wave

A

Tall peaked P wave - Pulmonary HTN, cor pulmomale

22
Q

How long is a prolonged PR interval?

A

> 0.2 seconds

23
Q

What is a first degree HB

A

PR interval prolonged but constant

24
Q

What is second degree HB

A

Mobitz T1: progressive prolongation of PR, drops, cycle restarts

Mobitz T2: occasional P not followed by QRS at a ration (e.,g. 2:1, 3:1)

25
Q

What is third degree HB

A

complete HB with P and QRT occurring independently

26
Q

What is left an right BBB

A

look at V1 and V6

Left BBB: WiLLiaM
Right BBB : MaRRoW

27
Q

What abnormality can be detected in QRS compex?

A

WIDE >0.12 s

due to BBB, pacmaker, hyperkalaemia

28
Q

What causes an inverted T wav?

A

post MI

29
Q

What causes a tall and tented T wav

A 
hyperacyte MI (early stemi) 
hyperkalaemia
30
Q

what are causes of ST elevation

A

Full thickness MI
prinzmetal angina, coronary spasm
Pricarditis

31
Q

What causes ST depression

A

Partial thicknss MI (NSTEMI)
unstable angiina
digoxin doxcity

32
Q

what are causes of prolonged QT interval

A

congential channelopathies
meds e.g. SSRI
metabolic e.g. hypokalaemia, hypocalcaema

33
Q

How does ventricular tachy present

A

WIDE QRS (broad complex tachy)
Rate > 120
REGULAR

34
Q

Ventricular fibrillation on ECG

A

irregular broad complex tachy
extremely IRREGULAR
HR 300-600

35
Q

how does PE present on ECG

A

usually normal
sinus tachycardia
RBBB due to R heart strain
S1Q3T3 (S wave in lead I, Q wave and inverted T wave in lead III)

36
Q

how does hyperkalaemia present on ECG

A

tall and tented T wave
flattened P wave
Broad QRS

37
Q

what condition presents with a short PR interval and why?

A

WPW

38
Q

HOw does WPW preseent on ECG

A 
short PR interval 
delta wave (slurred upstroke of QRS complex - due to accessory pathway early firing)
39
Q

what do you see in a posterior MI

A

tall R waves in V1, V2

40
Q

when should you worry a QT is prolonged?

A

when >0.5

Y6 Senior Med (29 decks)

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