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BMS I > EBM Intro/Stats > Flashcards

EBM Intro/Stats Flashcards

1
Q

Systematic vs Random error

A

Bias/Bounding, errors in study design, unavoidable vs

Errors from measurements, biostat provides tools do deal with this

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2
Q

Epidemiology

A

Study of distribution and determinants of health-related states or events and application of this study to control health related problems

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3
Q

Clinical epidemiolgoy

A

Making predictions about individual patients by counting clinical events of groups of similar patients

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4
Q

EBM

A

Using evidence from clinical epidemiology to treat patients

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5
Q

Mantra

A

Chance, bias, confounding, if rule those out-truth

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6
Q

why not look at individuals and look at what

A

They vary too much, instead look at probabilites of outcomes in similar patient groups

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7
Q

excess mortality

A

people who died due to a procedure vs the control group

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8
Q

System I vs System II

A

Jump to conclusions based on limited evidence, effortless

Takes effort, quantitiative analysis, when we have time to think

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9
Q

Health

A

State of complete mental, physical, and social well being

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10
Q

Health Outcomes

A

death, disease, discomfort, disability, dissatisfaction

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11
Q

Epidemiological Transition

A

Acute, contagious diseases to chronic and noncontagious lifestyle diseases

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12
Q

EBM decision

A

Current best evidence supports this way and is okay with patient and is congruent with clinical experience

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13
Q

dyspnea

A

shortness of breath

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14
Q

Prevalence vs Incidence vs incidence rate

A

Current cases expressed as proportion of total cases to total population-tells about past

New cases of disease over a finite time-risk of getting the disease

Risk of getting disease/time

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15
Q

Rate vs Proportion vs Ratio

A

Ratio-numerator no included in denominator

Rate-Numerator and time included in denominator-incidence rate

Proportion-numerator included in denominator-prevelance rate

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16
Q

Case definitions

A

diagnostic criteria for defining cases

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17
Q

Disease prevalence (point/period prevalence)

A

What proportion of population has disease at specific point in time

Number of people with disease at given point in time/
Total number of people in population

Point is instantaneous and prevalance is over time

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18
Q

Disease Incidence (cumulative incidence)

A

How quickly people are being diagnosed with disease *new cases

Cum incidence-proportion of a group that develops disease over a certain time=
number of new cases/
Number of people at risk of developing the disease over a defined time

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19
Q

Incidence rate

A

Rate at which new disease has occurred in population at risk per some unit time

Number of new cases/
Total time experienced by the at risk population

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20
Q

Incidence density

A

new cases/

incidence rate in dynamic changing population which people are under study and at risk for varying periods of time

Total time experienced b the at risk population
(same as incidence rate?-just population is dynamic)

Add up periods of observation
Number of cases/person years

21
Q

Point prevalence

A

start of study-proportion who had sickness

22
Q

Rate

A

TIME IN THE FUCKING DENOMINATOR

23
Q

Steady state

A

no variables are changing over time

24
Q

Prevalence

A

Incidence x Avg Duration

25
Q

Incidence

A

Prevalence/Duration

26
Q

Duration

A

Prevalence/Incidence

27
Q

Apparent incidence

A

Completely dependent on intensity of effort to identify cases

28
Q

Epidemic

A

increase in incidence in community or region

29
Q

Outbreak

A

small epidemic in limited locale

30
Q

Pandemic

A

Epidemic that crosses many international boundaries

31
Q

Endemic disease

A

constant presence of disease in particular area

32
Q

Case fatality rate

A

proportion of people who suffer from disease

33
Q

complication rate

A

proportion of people who suffer complication after trx

34
Q

infant mortality rate

A

number of death

35
Q

perinatal mortality rate

A

Number stillbirths and deaths in first week of life per 1000 births

36
Q

maternal mortality rate

A

Number maternal deaths related to childbirth/number of live births

37
Q

physician use of prevalence and incidence

A

Use prevalence to estmiate likelihood of diagnoses before test done
-incidence is not better because it is comparison of groups vs 1 patient

38
Q

ways to express and compare risk

A

express- cumulive incidence and incidence rate

Compare-Measures of effect (abs risk difference and relative risk)

39
Q

Absolute risk/absolute risk difference

A

Abs risk=Incidence
Absolute risk difference=Incidence of exposed- Incidence of unexposed

ex. some has risk factor has increased risk of 3/1000
- easiest for patients to understand

40
Q

Relative Risk

A

I exposed/I unexposed

AKA risk ratio aka crude mortality ratio

How many times more likely are patients to get disease when exposed vs unexposed

41
Q

Random/Probability sample

A

Random-each person has equal probabilty of being sampled

Probability-Each person has a known probability of being selected (not always equal)
-allows weighing towards groups of interest/low freq

42
Q

Probabilty vs Odds

A

Probabilty:A/A+B
Odds: A:B

43
Q

Addition/Mult rule

A

Addition=two independent events occurs (and)

Mult=Probabilty of two mutually exclusive events occurs (or)

44
Q

Point Prevalence

A

Proportion of people in population who have disease at particular point in time
%

45
Q

Period prevalane

A

Proportion of people who have diease over a specifd period of time
%

46
Q

Cumulative incidence

A

proportion of population at risk that develops disease over a period of time
%

47
Q

Incidence density

A

Rate of newcases per total amount of time people in a population where at risk

  • dynamic population (workers)
  • person time
48
Q

Incidence rate

A

rate at which new disease has occurred in the population at risk per some unit time

BMS I (30 decks)

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