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Sem 2 > EBM > Flashcards

EBM Flashcards

1
Q

Systematic revue

A

overview of particular clinical research question

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2
Q

Meta-analysis (3 points)

A

Uses statistical method to summarise studies, often included in a systematic review, produces single quantitative result

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3
Q

Single quantitative result

A

pooled treatment result / overall effect estimate

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4
Q

Forest plot

A

graphical result of meta-analysis

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5
Q

Point effect estimate (forest plot)

A

vertical midpoint of each square, mean treatment effect for that study

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6
Q

forest plot vertical line

A

line of no effect

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7
Q

horizontal line (each) on forest plot

A

confidence interval

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8
Q

if horizontal line (confidence interval) crosses vertical line (line of no effect) then..

A

No significant difference between two treatments

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9
Q

width of diamond at bottom of forest plot

A

certainty of overall affect estimate - 95% confidence interval

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10
Q

confidence interval

A

range of values within which the true mean of whole population is expected to lie

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11
Q

95% confidence interval

A

95% confident that true mean lies somewhere between two limits of interval

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12
Q

larger sample sizes lead to CIs which are

A

narrower

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13
Q

less variability leads to CIs which are

A

narrower

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14
Q

a larger confidence level results in CIs which are

A

broader

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15
Q

outcome variable

A

dependent variable

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16
Q

outcome variable of meta analysis

A

often odds ratio (NOT ALWAYS)

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17
Q

in a meta analysis where the mean difference is zero

A

no difference between groups

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18
Q

negative mean difference in meta analysis

A

favours treatment

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19
Q

positive mean difference in meta analysis

A

favours control (treatment harmful compared to no treatment)

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20
Q

relative frequency

A

percentage of total number in sample

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21
Q

categorical variable

A

non-numerical

22
Q

numerical variable

A

numerical value, measurable quantity. Continuous or discrete

23
Q

continuous numerical variable

A

measurement on continuous scale e.g. height

24
Q

discrete numerical variable

A

numbers of events, limited number of possible values e.g. pregnancies, heart attacks

25
Q

3 graphical representations of categorical variables

A

frequency distributions, pie charts, bar charts

26
Q

4 graphical representations of numerical variables

A

frequency distributions, histograms, frequency polygons, quantiles

27
Q

measures of central tendency (3)

A

mean, median, mode

28
Q

measures of spread of data (3)

A

range, interquartile range, standard deviation

29
Q

purpose of shapiro-wilk test

A

determining normality (or otherwise) of distribution

30
Q

purpose of t-test

A

determine whether 2 means differ reliably

31
Q

correlation and linear regression purpose

A

testing for relationship between 2 variables

32
Q

null hypothesis of hypothesis testing

A

no effect

33
Q

p < 0.05 hypothesis testing

A

reject null hypothesis - statistically significant result

34
Q

shapiro wilk null hypothesis

A

sample from normally distributed population

35
Q

shapiro wilk p <0.05

A

reject null hypothesis - statistically significant result, sample unlikely to be from normal distribution

36
Q

3 types of t test

A

one sample t test, unpaired t test, paired t test

37
Q

t test null hypothesis

A

no difference between 2 means

38
Q

t test p <0.05

A

reject null hypothesis- statistically significant result, reliable difference between 2 means

39
Q

pearson’s r between which two values

A

-1 and +1

40
Q

r = 0 (approx)

A

no relationship between variables

41
Q

pearson’s r p < 0.05

A

reject null hypothesis - statistically significant result, reliable relationship between two variables

42
Q

pearson’s r null hypothesis

A

no relationship between two variables

43
Q

what is p value

A

probability of observing the results of a trial if the null hypothesis is true

44
Q

shapiro wilk test statistic

A

W

45
Q

one sample t test used to

A

compare sample mean with population mean

46
Q

unpaired t test used to

A

test whether there is difference between 2 independent groups - comparing same measure in 2 different groups

47
Q

paired t test used to

A

compare dependent samples of groups e.g. one subject at two times

48
Q

t test test statistic

A

t

49
Q

pearson’s r is a

A

correlation coefficient

50
Q

cochrane review =

A

systematic reviews of primary research in human health care and health policy. highest standard of evidence-based heath care

Sem 2 (11 decks)

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