Asthma

Question 1

Asthma is a ……. hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 1

type I

Question 2

characterised by recurrent attacks of …. and ….

Answer 2

breathlessness and wheezing

Question 3

(1) antigen presents to …. … cells

Answer 3

CD4 Th2

Question 4

(2) CD4 Th2 cells release … and …

Answer 4

IL4 and IL5

Question 5

(3) IL4 stimulates B cell production of …. antibodies

Answer 5

IgE

Question 6

(4) IgE antibodies bind to …. and …. which release active mediators such as histamine, ……., prostaglandins which cause vasodilation and smooth muscle contraction of bronchi and bronchioles

Answer 6

mast cells and basophils; leukotrienes

Question 7

2 asthma phenotypes =

Answer 7

Th2 high and Th2 low

Question 8

2 types of asthma which are Th2 high

Answer 8

early onset allergic, late onset eosinophilic

Question 9

Early onset allergic asthma is corticosteroid …..

Answer 9

responsive

Question 10

Late onset eosinophilic asthma is responsive to antibody to ….. and cysteinyl leukotriene modifiers

Answer 10

IL5

Question 11

2 types of asthma which are Th2 low

Answer 11

obesity related, neutrophilic

Question 12

Obesity related asthma is responsive to (3)

Answer 12

weightloss, antioxidants and possibly hormonal therapy

Question 13

Neutrophilic asthma is possibly responsive to

Answer 13

macrolide antibiotics

Question 14

Atopic asthma - 5 asthma genes / gene complexes identified

Answer 14

ADAM33, PHF11, DPP10, GRPA, SPINK5

Question 15

Atopic asthma - 5 asthma genes / gene complexes identified - expressed where

Answer 15

in terminally differentiating epithelium

Question 16

4 severe asthma symptoms

Answer 16

cough, wheeze, breathlessness, tightness of chest

Question 17

asthma is more common in males …. puberty

Answer 17

before

Question 18

asthma is more common in females …. puberty

Answer 18

after

Question 19

epidemiological definition of asthma

Answer 19

symptomatic bronchial hyper responsiveness

Question 20

number of people who die per year from asthma

Answer 20

250 000

Question 21

Asthma IL13 stimulates (2)

Answer 21

IgE production, mucus secretion

Question 22

Asthma IL5 stimulates

Answer 22

eosinophilic inflammation

Question 23

Asthma IL4 stimulates

Answer 23

IgE production

Question 24

mast cells are increased in the …. and surface … of asthmatics

Answer 24

epithelium; secretions

Question 25

eosinophils are found in large numbers in .... ... and secretions of asthmatics

Answer 25

bronchial wall

Question 26

number and activation of eosinophils decreased by

Answer 26

corticosteroids

Question 27

eosinophils attracted to airways by eosinophopoietic cytokines (3) and chemokines that act on .... .. chemokine receptors

Answer 27

IL4, Il5, GM-CSF; type 3 CC chemokine receptors

Question 28

Asthma - polarisation to Th2 mediated by .... cells

Answer 28

dendritic

Question 29

Leukotrienes (3) prolong bronchoconstriction, increase vasodilation and increase mucus production

Answer 29

C4, D4, E4

Question 30

In asthma, conducting airway epithelium is damaged > loss of ... .... cells

Answer 30

ciliated columnar

Question 31

in asthma, epithelium undergoes metaplasia (increase in number and activity of .....)

Answer 31

mucus secreting goblet cells

Question 32

in asthma, there is deposition of repair collagens (3 types) on ....... beneath basement membrane

Answer 32

types I, III and V; lamina reticularis

Question 33

principle cause of airway remodelling due to aberrant signalling between epithelium and

Answer 33

myofibroblasts

Question 34

stimulation of nerve endings in epithelium and submucosa > release of acetylcholine > stimulation of ....... receptors on smooth muscle > contraction

Answer 34

M2 muscarinic

Question 35

Asthma detectable by xray or not?

Answer 35

not detectable by xray

Question 36

Narrowing of airways often caused by abnormal sensitivity of .... receptors

Answer 36

cholinergic

Question 37

in asthma narrowing of airways is reversible or irreversible?

Answer 37

reversible