EBM

Question 1

Type of Question

Answer 1

Type of Question 
o	Therapy 
o	Diagnosis 
o	Prognosis 
o	Harm

Question 2

Assess

Answer 2

Assess: evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, or quality

Question 3

Ask

Answer 3

Ask: say something in order to obtain some information

Question 4

Acquire

Answer 4

Acquire: obtain (an object or asset)

Question 5

PICOTT

Answer 5

•	Population: 
•	Intervention: 
•	Comparison: 
•	Outcome:
•	Type of Question 
           o	Therapy 
           o	Diagnosis 
           o	Prognosis 
           o	Harm 
•	Type of Study

Question 6

RCT

Answer 6

RCT: Randomized Control Trial. Most powerful study. Something is randomly assigned to a previously determined eligible group, dividing the initial group into two group; the intervention and control group. Both the intervention and control group are followed up on and the outcomes are assessed. Groups are divided when collecting data.

Question 7

Cohort

Answer 7

Cohort: Second most powerful study. Follows large groups of patients (cohorts) over time to detect the incidence of disease. These cohorts are defined before the appearance of the disease. Groups are not divided when collecting data.

Question 8

case-control

Answer 8

case-control: observational epidemiological study of persons with the disease (or another outcome variable) of interest and a suitable control group of persons without the disease (comparison group, reference group). Not randomized groups (Ex. Comparing diabetics with Cancer to diabetics without cancer.)

Question 9

cross-sectional

Answer 9

cross-sectional (SnapShot): Examines (prevalence) a specific population at a specific time. Not longitudinal. Cheap and easy to conduct. Mentions Incidence on the slide????

Question 10

Primary literature

Answer 10

Primary literature: Original Research
– NEJM
– JAMA

Question 11

Secondary literature

Answer 11

Secondary literature: Systematic Reviews Summarize from multiple primary journals
– ACP journal club
– Most large journals

Question 12

importance and history of evidence based medicine

Answer 12

a. Importance: allows you to stop practicing based on guesswork or variably integrated experience, ends dependence on out-of-date authority, work from the patient using literature to solve the problem.
b. History: first termed EBM in 1990 by Gordon Guyatt (the Internal Medicine residency director at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario). Gordon Guyatt and Drummand Rennie (deputy editor of JAMA) initially published 25 articles in JAMA about this from 1993 through 200

Question 13

background vs. foreground question

Answer 13

a. Background: About the condition, more basic science questions pertaining to what we are learning about now (first two years of medical school)
b. Foreground: About choices; which treatment you would use on a patient

Question 14

Hierarchy of Study designs

Answer 14

• N-of-1 RCT
• RCT
• Cohort studies
• Case-Controlled studies
• Cross-sectional studies
• Ecological Series
• Case-Series
• Case-Reports