Eating Disorders Flashcards
BMI (body mass index)
= Weight(kg) / Heights (m2)
- Body adiposity index
- Waist circumference measurement
- Waist-to-Hip ratio
- Body fat measurement
How does one become obese
energy intake vs energy expenditure
Sedentary lifestyle + high caloric intake
Current Obesity
Obesity epidemic costing society billions with people more likely to snack and eat larger more processed foods.
Over the years there has also been a large decrease in physical activity
Environment causes
Eating culture
Television
Social media
Stress
Food marketing
Drug use
etc
Biological causes
Microbiota
Sarcopenia
Addiction
Insulin resistance
Central reward system
Signals from the brain
Sleep
is obesity genetically encoded
Adoptee studies show the BMI of the child was highly correlated to the parents
Still need more studies to be done
Role of epigenetics
Study shows a parental high-fat diet renders offspring more susceptible to developing obesity and diabetes.
This may be contributing to the current obesity and diabetes pandemic
Genome-wide association studies
CNS has a large role in predisposition to obesity
Brain nuclei that regulate integration of learning and memory are likely to play a key role in obesity
Caloric intake
Intake when hungry and then stop when satiated = homeostasis
Intake without being hungry = motivation reward = overeating
When hungry
Simple response from the hypothalamus letting the body when it’s hungry and no longer hungry
Without being hungry
Striatum is used instead of hypothalamus which is involved in reward sensitivity and releases dopamine. This causes you to eat more than you need to because it makes you happy to eat, leading to obesity or overeating
Ventromedial hypothalamus lesions
The VMH is part of the brain that plays a role in energy balance and lesions in this area disrupt NPY signalling. NPY signalling plays a large role in food intake.
Leptin
Protein hormone made from adipose cells with its primary goal to regulate energy balance.
Leptin influences appetite and satiety
Leptin resistance can happen overtime meaning people have no appetite regulation leading overeating and obesity
Peptides that stimulate feeding
NPY = Neuropeptide Y
Agrp = Agouti related peptide
Peptides that inhibit feeding
POMC = Propiomelanocortin
CART = cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript
