Antisocial behaviour Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

ASPD

A

Apparent lack of remorse
Persistent lying or stealing
Cruelty to animals
Recurring difficulties with the law
Promiscuity / Poor or abusive relationships
Aggressive, often violent behavior; prone to getting involved in fights
Inability to tolerate boredom

Lack access to own feelings and emotions
Not good at detecting emotions (especially fear) in others
Reduced empathy
Severe disruption in moral behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Psychopaths vs ASPD

A

Psychopaths = subset of ASPD

Callousness, manipulativeness, glibness and superficial charm
Often (highly) intelligent
Grandiose sense of self-worth

Often: seems to function normal in society

ASPD only:

More pronounced poor behavioral controls = inadequate control of anger and temper

Often: more rude, aggressive, abusive and angry behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Structurally impaired areas in ASPD

A

PFC, amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate and temporal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fearlessness

A

Reduced amygdala response to fearful photos

Not good at detecting emotions, especially fear, in others’ voices

Trouble identifying fearful facial expressions

Poor fear conditioning

Unusually high disgust thresholds, tolerating repellent smells and images (due to reduced insula functioning)

Reduced empathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fear conditioning research

A

Fear conditioning research

Fear conditioning = basic form of learning mediated by amygdala > fear is associated with previously neutral stimulus

Fear conditioning is mechanism by which we link antisocial acts with negative consequences (punishment, social exclusion)

Failure fear conditioning = failure social learning > predispose to antisocial behavior

If poor fear conditioning causal role in crime > detectable early in life before antisocial behavior becomes manifest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cavum septum pellucidum

A

Marker for maldevelopment. Usually closes before/just after birth.
Failure of closure causes maldevelopment.

Individuals with CSP > significant higher probability levels of antisocial personality, psychopathy, criminal charges and convictions

Controlled for trauma exposure, head injury, comorbid psychiatric disorders

Early brain maldeveloment of limbic structures predisposes to antisocial behaviors

Findings consistent with neurodevelopmental basis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Factors affecting brain development prenatal and postnatal

A

Stress during pregnancy

Birth complications

Prenatal alcohol or nicotine use

Prenatal malnutrition

Early postnatal malnutrition

Failure to bond to caregivers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Environment risk factors

A

Childhood maltreatment

Traumatic head injury

Parental neglect / Inconsistent parenting

Parental criminality

Poverty

Malnutrition (zinc-, iron- vitamine B2-, omega-3 fatty acids- deficiencies, excess of lead)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Genetics

A

Twin studies estimate heritability antisocial behavior: 40-50%

40-50% of the variance in ASPD-symptoms can be explained by variance in genes
Male sex is a risk factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Risk genes

A

MAO-A , DAT1, D4D-7R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MAO-A

A

Mono Amine Oxidase is enzyme that breaks down serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline): two Variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms, low and high activity gene-variants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MAO-A and maltreatment

A

Low MAOA activity gene is the risk gene instead of the high activity.
When no maltreatment is present both versions of the gene are the exact same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Psychopaths

A

Remorseless (meedogenloosheid)
Charming
Concentration
Callousness (emotionally hardened)
Daring (onbevreesd)
Risk taking
Influencial / Manipulative behavior
Propensity for empathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly