Eating disorder Flashcards
Define anorexia and its main features
- Anorexia is a body image distortion where people have an intense fear of gaining weight
- They have a BMI that is 15% below normal
- There is a persistent restriction of energy intake
Define purging disorder
Purging disorder is an eating disorder that involves “purging” behaviour to induce weight loss or manipulate body shape. Purging can mean a number of things, including: • self-induced vomiting • misuse of laxatives or medications • excessive exercise fasting
Define night eating syndrome
• Overeating at night after dinner and waking up at night to eat
Define atypical anorexia
• Person have body image distortion with restrictive eating but no significant loss in weight
List risk factors for anorexia
- Family history: parental obesity, anorexia, restrictive dieting, concerns about eating, weight or appearance
- Personal history: depression, anxiety, OCD, social phobia, substance abuse
- Personal characteristics: perfectionistic, obsessional traits, low self esteem
- Other: family, occupational status
Describe the health side effects of eating disorders
- Loss of concentration
- Anxiety
- Irritability
- Range of emotion (emotional instability)
- Depression
- Loss of libido
- Social withdrawl
- Arrest of puberty
- Arrest of periods: amenorrhea
- Stomach troubles as they shrink: constipation, diarrhoea
- Dry skin and hair
- Osteoporosis
- Kidney disorders
- Low heart rate
Discuss the dental side effects of eating disorders
- Hyposalivation
- Dental caries
- Gum recession
- Increased infections
- Tooth loss
- Erosion
Discuss treatment for anorexia
- Feed them slowly; if you give them too much carbs quickly, phosphate levels drop and potassium increases. This increases their chances of a heart attack
- Monitor heart rate
- Provide thermal blanket to make them warm
- Provide education on normal eating
- Physical complications need to be addressed
- Give them family based therapy/ cognitive behaviour therapy
Describe cognitive behaviour therapy
- Cognitive behavioural therapy works by teaching a person to change their thoughts (cognition) and their behaviours
- The aim to replace negative thoughts with positive thoughts
- Education is provided to a patient so that they can recognised signs and symptoms; ineffectiveness of purging, adverse effects of dieting, body weight and its regulation
Define bulimia
- Bulimia is characterised by repeated episodes of excessive binge eating followed by compensatory behaviours like vomiting, taking excessive diuretics or laxatives
- Many people with bulimia do not lose weight, they can remain in the normal weight range, be slightly underweight, or may even gain weight.
List medical and dental side effects of bulimia nervosa
Medical:
• Cardiovascular: arrhythmias
• CNS: cognitive impairment, depressed, irritable, labile mood
• GI: enlarged salivary glands, reflux, gastric or oesophageal rupture (rare), constipation
• Russell’s signs - dorsum of hand
• Irregular menstrual periods
Dental • Caries • Eroded lingual surface of incisors • Erythema of pharynx • Palatal scratches • Enlarged salivary glands
Describe the treatment for bulimia
- Nutritional counselling
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
- Interpersonal psychotherapy modified to treat BN
- Family therapy or relationship counselling where appropriate
- Self-help and professionally guided self -help programs
- Fluoxetine
Define binge eating disorder
- Recurrent episodes of binge eating. An episode of binge eating is characterised by both of the following:
- A sense of lack of control over eating
- Eating large amounts of food than most people would eat
