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Science > earthquakes test > Flashcards

earthquakes test Flashcards

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1
Q

an earthquake that occurs after a large earthquake in the same area

A

aftershock

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2
Q

a rock that bends upward into an arch

A

anticline

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3
Q

is designed to reduce the amount of energy that reaches the building during an earthquake

A

Base-isolated building

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4
Q

squeezes rock until it folds or breaks

A

compression

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5
Q

uses a wire stretched across a strike-slip fault to measure horizontal movements of the ground

A

creep meter

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6
Q

what you should do if you are in an earthquake

A

drop-cover-hold

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7
Q

the point on the surface where the earthquake occurred

A

epicenter

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8
Q

a block of rock that rises between two normal faults

A

fault-block mountain

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9
Q

capable of bending easily without breaking

A

flexible

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10
Q

the point at which a rock under stress breaks and triggers an earthquake

A

focus/hypocenter

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11
Q

the rock that lies below a fault

A

footwall

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12
Q

a device that measures tiny movements of markers set up on the opposite sides of the fault

A

GPS Satellites

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13
Q

the block of rock that lies above the fault

A

Hanging walls

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14
Q

rocks lock together the fault no longer moves once the force is greater than friction an earthquake occurs and the fault breaks

A

high-friction faults

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15
Q

a device that bounces laser beams off a reflector to detect fault movements

A

laser-ranging device

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16
Q

an earthquake’s violent shaking suddenly turns loose, soft soil into mud

A

liquefaction

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17
Q

rates earthquakes according to the level of damage at a given place

A

Mercalli Scale

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18
Q

a rating system that estimates the total energy released by an earthquake

A

Moment-magnitude scale

19
Q

a fault in which one part of the rock is above another part and slip downward when movements occurs

A

normal fault

20
Q

compress and expand the ground like an accordion

A

p waves

21
Q

a large land area of flat land elevated high above sea level

A

plateau

22
Q

the hanging wall slides up and over the footwall

A

reverse fault

23
Q

rating of an earthquake’s magnitude based on the size on the earthquake’s seismic waves

A

richter scale

24
Q

vibrate from side to side and up and down very violently

A

s waves

25
Q

carry the energy of an earthquake all the way from the focus, through Earth’s interior and across the surface

A

seismic waves

26
Q

the record of an earthquake’s seismic waves produced by a seismograph

A

seismograph

27
Q

pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions

A

shearing

28
Q

any force that acts on a rock to change its shape or volume

A

stress

29
Q

the rock on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little up and down motion

A

Strike-slip fault

30
Q

the slowest wave that shakes buildings from side to side

Syncline-

A

surface waves

31
Q

a fold in rock that bends downwards to form a valley

A

syncline

32
Q

pulls on the crust stretching rock so it becomes thinner in the middle

A

tension

33
Q

measures tilting or rising of the ground and it works like a carpenter’s level

A

tiltmeter

34
Q

the water displaced by the earthquake may form a large wave

A

tsunami

35
Q

What is the fact that adds energy to a rock?

A

stress

36
Q

Which kind of force/stress creates which type of fault?

A 
shearing = strike slip fault
tension = normal fault
compression = reverse fault
37
Q

What is the proper name for P waves?

A

primary waves

38
Q

What is the proper name for S waves?

A

secondary waves

39
Q

Which wave is faster? S waves or P waves

A

p waves

40
Q

How does one go about estimating earthquake risk?

A

we find the active faults and look back in history

41
Q

Why can’t we predict earthquakes?

A

we don’t know when or where the seismic energy will release

42
Q

What do most earthquake deaths relate from?

A

damage building

43
Q

Which seismic wave can travel through both solids and liquids?

A

P waves

44
Q

What can earthquake damage be reduced by?

A

building flexibility

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