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A-Level Geography > Earthquakes > Flashcards

Earthquakes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the focus?

A

The point of fracture, where energy is suddenly released

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2
Q

What is the epicentre?

A

Directly above the focus

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3
Q

What are faults?

A

Pressure builds and cracks along the crust fractures

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4
Q

What are the body waves?

A

Waves that move through the earth’s surface

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5
Q

What does a primary wave move through?

A

Solids and liquids

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6
Q

What does a secondary wave move through?

A

Solids

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7
Q

How do primary waves move?

A

Compresses then expands

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8
Q

How do secondary waves move?

A

Vertical movement

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9
Q

What are surface waves?

A

Waves that travel through the surface of the crust

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10
Q

What are the body waves?

A

Primary and secondary waves

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11
Q

What are the surface waves?

A

Love and rayleigh waves

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12
Q

How is magnitude measured?

A

Moment magnitude scale

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13
Q

What is magnitude?

A

The amount of energy released at the epicentre

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14
Q

What is intensity?

A

The earthquakes effect on people, structures and natural environment

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15
Q

What scale does the moment magnitude use?

A

1-10log

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16
Q

How is intensity measured?

A

Mercalli intensity scale

17
Q

What scale does the mercalli intensity use?

A

I - X1

18
Q

What are the primary effects of earthquakes?

A

Ground shaking- causes infrastructure to collapse

Crustal fracturing- seismic energy causes the crust to crack at surface

19
Q

What are the secondary effects of earthquakes?

A

Tsunami- submarine earthquake
Fire- power line + gas pipes break
Liquefaction- violent shaking leads to surface rocks losing strength
Landslides+ avalanches- ground shakes and places stress on slopes which leads to landslides

20
Q

What is theory one of intra plate earthquakes?

A

Stress builds along ancient faults causing them to activate again

21
Q

What is theory two of intra plate earthquakes?

A

Crust that was once weighed down by glaciers is rebounding from mantle triggering earthquakes

A-Level Geography (9 decks)

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