Earth System

Question 1

Earth system?

Answer 1

Is a complex system that has evolved over millions of years.

Question 2

Rock is..

Answer 2

Geosphere

Question 3

Water is…

Answer 3

Hydrosphere

Question 4

Air is,…

Answer 4

Atmosphere

Question 5

Life is…

Answer 5

Biosphere

Question 6

What’s geosphere?

Answer 6

The earths crust, including landforms, rocks and soil. Rock is constantly shifting.

Question 7

Give some examples of natural resource.

Answer 7

Fish,meat, fuel for energy, clean drinking water, fertile soil for growing crops, shelter, oxygen and food/nutrients.

Question 8

Non renewable meaning.

Answer 8

Something which takes millions of years to be replaced. And cannot be replaced.

Question 9

Renewable meaning

Answer 9

Something which can be replaced within an average human life time.

Question 10

Why is soil a important resource.

Answer 10

To grow crops for animals, human, living things to eat.
Millions of years to form
Keeps animals/trees for furniture/ daily resources
Cotton for clothes
Absorbs water so it doesn’t flood
Wood for fuel/ cooking food

Question 11

Deforestation-

Answer 11

When trees are cut down so it can used for growing crops. Once trees are gone, no leaves to protect soil from rainfall. No roots to hold soil in place. Makes it easy for rain to blow/washed away.

Question 12

Soil exhaustion-

Answer 12

Sometimes soil is overused by the growing of too many crops. Eventually it loses its goodness, crops can no longer grow and the bare soil is quickly removed by action of wind and water.

Question 13

Over-grazing -

Answer 13

Sometimes when too many animals are kept in 1 area. They eat all the vegetation and it dies. This leaves the ground bare and unprotected. Wind and rain can then carry off the loose soil.

Question 14

Up and down ploughing-

Answer 14

Farmers find it easier to plough up and down slope rather than cross it when it rains, water flows straight down furious & takes large amount of soil.

Question 15

Soil profile

How many layers (names)

Answer 15

5 layers:

1. Humus
2. Topsoil
3. subsoil
4. Weathered rock
5. Bedrock

Question 16

What’s humus?

Answer 16

2-3cm thick, made up of dead plant ,material such as leaves and twigs.

Question 17

What’s topsoil?

Answer 17

This layer 5-20cm thick consists matter and minerals. This is the soil layer where most plants and organisms live.

Question 18

What’s Subsoil

Answer 18

This layer contains rock from the lowest layer; has minerals as well as organic matter, which have been washed down by rainwater. Tree root can come up to here.

Question 19

What’s weathered rock?

Answer 19

This layer contains rocks from the bottom layer, weathered down by rain to chunks. Upper soil layers developed from this .

Question 20

What’s bedrocks?

Answer 20

This layer is made up of a solid mass of underlying rocks.

Question 21

Ingenious rock- (what type)

Answer 21

Granite and pumice

Question 22

Metamorphic (what type)

Answer 22

Sandstone and clay

Question 23

Sedimentary- (what type)

Answer 23

Marble and quartz

Question 24

Most of the earths crust is made from what rocks?

Answer 24

Igneous rock

Question 25

What rocks form when magma/lava cools?

Answer 25

Igneous 🪨 rock

Question 26

What rocks are formed from the bottom of deep water where material gets deposited?

Answer 26

Sedimentary rock

Question 27

What is igneous rock used for?

Answer 27

Very hard and durable. Important source of minerals like diamonds.
Granite- bridges, statues, floors, kitchen countertops, pavements, old public buildings.

Question 28

What is sedimentary rock used for?

Answer 28

Includes valuable rocks such as coal and iron ore. Salt and potash are important raw materials for the chemical industry. Sand and gravel are used for making concrete and cement. Clay used for making house bricks.

Question 29

What Igneous rock is the lightest rock in the world?

Answer 29

Pumice.

Question 30

What rock often contains fossils of animals and plant?

Answer 30

Sedimentary

Question 31

What does igneous mean in Latin?

Answer 31

Made from fire.

Question 32

What’s a similarity for all 3 rocks?

Answer 32

They all contain minerals.

All are part of a never ending rock cycle process.