Early Psychiatry Pathology & Amnesias

Question 1

Long-term deprivation of affection leads to…

Answer 1

Decreased muscle tone
Poor language skills
Poor socialization skills
Lack of basic trust
Anaclitic depression (infant withdrawn, unresponsive)
Weight loss
Physical illness

Question 2

Deprivation of infant for ____ months can lead to irreversible changes

Answer 2

> 6 months

Question 3

Onset before age 7. Limited attention span and poor impulse control - characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention in multiple settings (school, home, church, etc.). Normal intelligence.

Answer 3

ADHD

Question 4

Associated with diminished frontal lobe volume

Answer 4

ADHD

Question 5

Treat with methylphenidate, amphetamines, Atomoxetine (selective NE uptake inhibitor)

Answer 5

ADHD

Question 6

Repetitive and pervasive behavior violating the basic rights of others (e.g. physical aggression, destruction of property, theft)

Answer 6

Conduct disorder

Question 7

After 18 years of age, most of these individuals will be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder

Answer 7

Conduct disorder

Question 8

Enduring pattern of hostile, defiant behavior toward authority in absence of violations of social norms

Answer 8

Oppositional defiant disorder

Question 9

Onset before age 18. Characterized by sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrythmic, stereotyped motor and vocal tics that persist for > 1 year.

Answer 9

Tourette’s

Question 10

Associated with OCD

Answer 10

Tourette’s

Question 11

Treat with antipsychotics and behavioral therapy

Answer 11

Tourette’s

Question 12

Common onset age 7-9. Overwhelming fear of separation from home or loss of attachment figures. May lead to factitious physical complaints to avoid going to or staying at school.

Answer 12

Separation anxiety disorder

Treat - SSRIs, relaxation techniques

Question 13

Severe language impairment and poor social interaction. Greater focus on objects than on people. Characterized by repetitive behavior and usually below-normal intelligence.

Rarely accompanied by unusual abilities(savants). More common in boys.

Answer 13

Autism

Tx - Behavioral and supportive therapy to improve communication and social skills; medication when disruptive

Question 14

Milder form of autism; characterized by all-absorbing interests, repetitive behavior, and problems with social relationships. Children are of normal intelligence and lack verbal or cognitive deficits. No language impairment.

Answer 14

Asperger’s disorder

Question 15

X-linked disorder seen almost exclusively in girls (affected males die in utero or shortly after birth)

Symptoms usually become apparent around ages 1-4, including regression characterized by loss of development, loss of verbal abilities, mental retardation, ataxia, and stereotyped hand-wringing

Answer 15

Rett’s syndrome

Question 16

Common age of onset is 3-4 years. Marked regression in multiple areas of functioning after at least 2 years of apparently normal development. Significant loss of expressive or receptive language skills, social skills or adaptive behavior, bowel or bladder control, play, or motor skills. More common in boys.

Answer 16

Childhood disintegrative disorder

Question 17

Common causes of loss of orientation

Answer 17

EtOH, drugs, fluid/electrolyte imbalance, head trauma, hypoglycemia, nutritional deficiencies

Question 18

Order of loss re: orientation

Answer 18

1 - time, 2 - place, last - person

Question 19

Inability to remember things that occurred before a CNS insult

Answer 19

Retrograde amnesia

Question 20

Inability to remember things that occurred after a CNS insult

Answer 20

Anterograde amnesia

Question 21

Inability to recall important personal information, usually subsequent to severe trauma or stress

Answer 21

Dissociative amnesia