Early Middle Ages Flashcards
Chivalry
Important characteristic of Knights
Devotion to feudal lord, God, and chosen lady
Secular
Not religious
Feudalism
System where landowner loans land to someone in exchange for protection
Serf
Peasant/worker on a manor
Lord
Landowner/person who owns the manor
Manor
Self-sufficient property
Serfs work for food and shelter
Fief
Land that a lord gives someone
Tithe
Church tax that serfs paid
10% of income
Benedict
Italian monk who wrote a book containing strict yet practical rules about monasteries
Monk
Christian man that lives and practices in a monastery
Devoted life to religion
Battle of Tours
Charles Martel expanded reign to north south and east
Defeated Muslim raiders
If lost battle Europe would have become part of the Muslim empire
Magyars
Group of nomadic people from Hungary that attacked Europe after the Vikings and captured people to sell into slavery
Sacraments
Important religious ceremonies that help get closer to salvation
Ex.) baptism
Holy Roman Empire
Created by Otto I
Close ties w the church
Frederick Barbarossa
First ruler to call it the Holy Roman Empire
Dominated German princes
Kept invading rich Italian cities => Italian merchants United against him
Germanic tribes
Invaded Western Europe
Established Germanic kingdoms
Carolingians
Dynasty that ruled the Franks from 751 to 987
Vikings
Worshipped warlike gods, from Scandinavia, Germanic
Fought fast and hard and travelled on sea on giant ships
Traders, farmers, explorers
Stopped invading bc adopted Christianity and had an easier time farming
Knight
Protected people from invaders
Followed code of chivalry
Tournament
Knights fought in these local wars/battles for experience
Canon law
Spiritual beliefs/rituals and a system of justice to guide actions
Clergy
Religious official
Pope, bishops, priests
Franks
Ruled by Clovis
Germanic people that conquered Europe
Papacy
Pope ??
Pepin
Son of Charles Martel
Fought Lombards on behalf of church which lead to the Carolingian dynasty
Epic poem
Adventures of heroes
Excommunication
Punishment for not following canon law
The taking away of a person’s rights/membership in the church
Otto I
Created Holy Roman Empire
Followed Charlemagne’s policies (allied w church)
Clovis monastery
?
Major domo
Ruled the kingdom
Held more power than King
Charles Martel
Charlemagne
Grandson of Pepin Almost doubled the kingdom Spread Christianity Reunited Western Europe Pope crowned him emperor => joining of Germanic power, church, and heritage of the Roman Empire
Troubadour
Traveling poets/musicians that sang about love
Interdict
Punishment for violating canon law
Certain sacraments couldn’t be performed in a kings land if he disobeyed
Lay investiture
Power of naming church officials held by nobles
Charles Martel
Saved kingdom/empire from becoming part of the Muslim empire and grew it
Treaty of verdun
Treaty dividing empire into 3 pieces (Charlemagne’s sons each got one)
Led to downfall of the empire bc no strong central authority => feudalism
Concordat of Worms
Only the church could appoint bishops but the emperor could veto
Middle Ages
How am I supposed to define this
