Early Language Development Flashcards
Theories of Language Development
Behavioral Theory -Skinner (1957)
Nativist Theory-Chomsky
Social interactionism theory- Vygotsky
Cognitive theory -Piaget
Cognitive theory
Piaget
Language acquisition is made possible by cognition and general intellectual processes
Social interactionism theory
- language use to structure actions and direct.
- language developed because people are motivated to develop relationshsips
Zone of proximal development: difference between what a child can do with/without assistance
Vygotsky
Nativist Theory
Chomsky
- syntax
- -innate capacity to learn language
- language acquisition device
- surface and deep structure
Behavioral Theory
skinner
- Acquisition of verbal behavior
- cquired under conditions of stimulation, response and reinforcement
- Due to learning not innate mechanisms
- Environment and social interaction are important
What is syntax?
sentence structure
passive sentences
subject receives action of the verb
the car was petted by Mark
active
Subject performs the actions of the verb
mark petted the cat
interrogatives
questions
declaratives
make statements
imperatives
state commands
shut the door
exclamatory
express trong feeling
I never said that!
Define a compound sentence
two or more independent clauses joined by a comma and a conjunction or semicolon
(The policeman held up the sign, and the cars stopped. )
Define complex sentence
One independent clause and one or more dependent or subordinate clauses
(I will drive my car to Reno if I have enough gas)
Semantics
study of meaning
Imaginative
Pretend play
Heuristic
Children attempt to have their environment and events in their environment explained (Why?)
Regulatory
Attempt to control the behavior of others
Personal
Express own feelings
informative
Tell someone something
instrumental
Attempt to get things from others
interactional
Initiate interactions with others
When do functions of communicative intent develop?
9-18 months
Browns stage 3
irregular past tense
possessive s
uncontractible cop (“who’s sick?” “he is”)
Brown’s stage 4
articles
regular past -ed
regular third person s
Brown’s stage 5
irregular third person
uncon aux
con cop
con aux
Clinician is treating a student. She is saying “she is ON the table” and “he is beside the desk”. What is she targeting?
locatives.
A child says “down” when a cup of juice spills on the floor. What relation are they using?
locative action.
Relations expressed by Single Word Utterance:
Attribution
child uses adjective to describe
“big hat”
Relations expressed by Single Word Utterance:
Action
Child requests or labels an action
“kitty run” or “open box”
Relations expressed by Single Word Utterance:
locative action
refers to change in objects position
“there doggy” or “ball up”
Relations expressed by Single Word Utterance:
Existence
Child attends to idtem or object present in enviroment
“What’s that” or “this ktty”
Relations expressed by Single Word Utterance:
nonexistence
Child expects action or object to be present when it is not.
“all gone juice” or “bye-bye mommy”
Relations expressed by Single Word Utterance:
denial
child denies a statement or previous utterance (i.e. in response to someone saying “is this a kitty?”
“no kitty”
Relations expressed by Single Word Utterance:
rejection
Child does not ant somethign to happen
“no bath”
Relations expressed by Single Word Utterance:
possession
child identified something as belonging to him or her or another person
“his block”
Relations expressed by Single Word Utterance:
recurrence
an even happens again
“more cookie”
Piagets stages of development
sensorimotor (0-2)
preiperational (2-7)
conrete operational (7-11)
formal operations (more than 11 years olf)
Piagets stages of development: (cognitive theory)
- child is egocentric
- overextends
- underextends
- displys concreteness of thought
- displays lack of conservaton
preiperational (2-7)
Piagets stages of development:
- child uses words when referents are not present
- child uses thooughts to solve problems
- basic cause-effect relations are acquired
- child uses symbolic play
sensorimotor (0-2)
Piagets stages of development:
- less egocentric
- acquires seiation and conversation skills
- uses effective classification skills
- eploys logical causualty
conrete operational (7-11)
Piagets stages of development:
- displays lack of egocentricity
- ability to think and speak in the abstract
- uses inductive and deductive thought processes
- verbal reasoing to make if then statements
- hypothetical reasoning
formal operations (more than 11 years olf)
presupposition
phrases that have shared meaning for listener and speaker
Embedded forms
rearrange of add elements within sentences
Gerunds
a noun form produced by adding -ing. Ex. Fish to fishing
Semantic categories
Recurrence-more
Rejection-no
Casualty-cause and effect
Child directed speech-
aka motherese, helps babies attend and respond
2 factors related to speech and language development
amount of talking, responsiveness of caregiver
Line of regard
what infant is looking at
Joint reference
ability to focus on an object or person direction by another person
Holophrastic
one word represents whole phrase
what is a copula?
only verb
what is an auxillary verb?
support verb
what does it mean when “un” is before aux or con?
no other verb in response
What is an example of a regular third person?
katy hits
An example of irregular 3rd person?
has, does
What is a first step towar production of a cohesive narrative?
must be able to connect a collection of ideas together.
