Early experience Flashcards

1
Q

Harlow’s cloth surrogate

-what does it override?

A
  • professor in UW primate lab
  • young monkeys taken off mother and replaced with cloth surrogate
  • baby will hold on and it becomes mom
  • so potent it overrides food
  • contact comfort/tactile stimulation
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2
Q

Theory of attachment

-who discovered it?

A
  • John Bowlby
  • “biological predisposition”
  • human child/primate infant born predisposed to figure out who mom/dad is
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3
Q

Imprinting

A
  • Konrad Lorenz
  • monkey’s don’t do this
  • birds imprint on the first thing they see - vision is important
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4
Q

negative response to separation once bond is formed - 3 stages

A
  • protest - agitation; looking for mom
  • depression - conservation withdrawal (energy saving phase because you can’t be agitated forever)
  • Detachment - children go here, but monkeys don’t
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5
Q

test for attachment to cloth surrogate

A
  • one monkey made of towel, one made of wire
  • add milk to wire one, monkey still goes to cloth one
  • create a stressful situation, still run to cloth
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6
Q

distress calls

when do they occur

A
  • agitation: whoo call
  • isolation
  • depression/witdrawal
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7
Q

physiological response during agitation

A
  • crying
  • increased heard rate
  • increased BP
  • increased cortisol
  • brain chemistry activated
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8
Q

physiological response in depression

-how long does it usually take to get here

A
  • day 2-3
  • withdrawal
  • body temp dec
  • NE dec
  • immune suppression
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9
Q

monamines associated with depression

A
  • serotonin
  • NE
  • dopamine
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10
Q

how NTs travel

A

-start in lower brain and move to frontal brain to affect tone of brain (arousal)

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11
Q

NT levels involved in agitation phase

A

-serotonin and NE levels increase

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12
Q

what happens to some monkeys when NE is too high?

A
  • cells can’t keep up with increased NE so levels drop and depression can occur
  • NE needs to be sustained the longest
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13
Q

biological expectation of a social environment

A
  • pre-programmed responses are not expressed or are not correctly expressed - diverted and become abnormal
  • **babies need to form bond early
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14
Q

Hans Spitz

  • what did he study?
  • terms for his theory
A
  • studied detachment in primates
  • believed that children became lethargic and uninterested if they are not picked up
  • “failure to thrive”
  • Hospitalization syndrome
  • Deprivation syndrome
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15
Q

Anna Freud

A

-studied detachment to people seen in orphans from WWII

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16
Q

Detachment’s relevance to psychopathology

A
  • Orality and self-clasping
  • Rocking
  • Emotionality
  • Impotent sex behavior in men
  • abnormal maternal behavior
17
Q

detachment - orality and self clasping

A

-has to do with self aggression

18
Q

detachment - rocking

A
  • stereotypic behavior
  • mom is moving
  • baby will rock on its own - self stimulate
19
Q

detachment - emotionality

A
  • social withdrawal
  • aggressiveness
  • lack of empathy
20
Q

detachment - impotent sex behavior

A

-mostly seen in males

21
Q

detachment - abnormal maternal behavior

A
  • motherless mothers
  • model of child abuse
  • if monkey doesn’t receive good parenting, she does not provide good mothering
22
Q

detachment - effects on brain neurochemistry

A
  • low levels of NE

- altered dopamine functioning - abnormal reward and motivation systems

23
Q

detachment - effects on immunity and health

A
  • abnormal number of T lymphocytes

- gut bacteria is vulnerable to pathogens

24
Q

benefits of breastmilk

-study that proves this?

A
  • stimulates good bacteria in the gut
  • blood samples from mother-reared vs human-reared primates show that WBCs are low in human-reared primates and can’t go back to higher levels
25
Q

epigenetics

A
  • don’t change DNA but study what kinds of genes are expressed depending on early life experiences
  • prenatal and early rearing environmental changes how genes are regulated
26
Q

treatment/recovery options for detachment

-when should it be done?

A
  • “together-together”
  • playroom therapy
  • grandparent therapy
  • dog-reared monkeys
  • *must be done before 1 yr of life
27
Q

“together-together” therapy

A
  • peer reared monkeys

- not great but better than nothing

28
Q

playroom therapy

A

-can largely make up for absence

29
Q

grandparent therapy

A

-grandma or any old monkey

30
Q

dog reared monkeys

A
  • works well

- can’t form very complex relationships, but they can form relationships in general

31
Q

effect of grandparent therapy on grandparent

A
  • suppresses immune system

- already extending life span for monkeys,so adding young is taxing

32
Q

study that shows how grandparent therapy affects immunity

A
  • if grandma had an “out”/control over how much time she spent with grandkids, didn’t affect community
  • Coe lab used tunnel with grandma’s apartment
33
Q

best situation for elderly monkeys?

A
  • 2 older monkeys living together

- best immune response

34
Q

infant preferences

A
  • own species

- prefer adult females to males

35
Q

infant preferences

A
  • own species

- prefer adult females to males

36
Q

Biological and social predictors of immune senescence in the aged primate-rdg

A
  • NK and IL are useful bio markers of predicting health and longevity
  • more NK at older age
  • immune responses in older animals are sensitive to small changes like location and illness