Early experience Flashcards
Harlow’s cloth surrogate
-what does it override?
- professor in UW primate lab
- young monkeys taken off mother and replaced with cloth surrogate
- baby will hold on and it becomes mom
- so potent it overrides food
- contact comfort/tactile stimulation
Theory of attachment
-who discovered it?
- John Bowlby
- “biological predisposition”
- human child/primate infant born predisposed to figure out who mom/dad is
Imprinting
- Konrad Lorenz
- monkey’s don’t do this
- birds imprint on the first thing they see - vision is important
negative response to separation once bond is formed - 3 stages
- protest - agitation; looking for mom
- depression - conservation withdrawal (energy saving phase because you can’t be agitated forever)
- Detachment - children go here, but monkeys don’t
test for attachment to cloth surrogate
- one monkey made of towel, one made of wire
- add milk to wire one, monkey still goes to cloth one
- create a stressful situation, still run to cloth
distress calls
when do they occur
- agitation: whoo call
- isolation
- depression/witdrawal
physiological response during agitation
- crying
- increased heard rate
- increased BP
- increased cortisol
- brain chemistry activated
physiological response in depression
-how long does it usually take to get here
- day 2-3
- withdrawal
- body temp dec
- NE dec
- immune suppression
monamines associated with depression
- serotonin
- NE
- dopamine
how NTs travel
-start in lower brain and move to frontal brain to affect tone of brain (arousal)
NT levels involved in agitation phase
-serotonin and NE levels increase
what happens to some monkeys when NE is too high?
- cells can’t keep up with increased NE so levels drop and depression can occur
- NE needs to be sustained the longest
biological expectation of a social environment
- pre-programmed responses are not expressed or are not correctly expressed - diverted and become abnormal
- **babies need to form bond early
Hans Spitz
- what did he study?
- terms for his theory
- studied detachment in primates
- believed that children became lethargic and uninterested if they are not picked up
- “failure to thrive”
- Hospitalization syndrome
- Deprivation syndrome
Anna Freud
-studied detachment to people seen in orphans from WWII
Detachment’s relevance to psychopathology
- Orality and self-clasping
- Rocking
- Emotionality
- Impotent sex behavior in men
- abnormal maternal behavior
detachment - orality and self clasping
-has to do with self aggression
detachment - rocking
- stereotypic behavior
- mom is moving
- baby will rock on its own - self stimulate
detachment - emotionality
- social withdrawal
- aggressiveness
- lack of empathy
detachment - impotent sex behavior
-mostly seen in males
detachment - abnormal maternal behavior
- motherless mothers
- model of child abuse
- if monkey doesn’t receive good parenting, she does not provide good mothering
detachment - effects on brain neurochemistry
- low levels of NE
- altered dopamine functioning - abnormal reward and motivation systems
detachment - effects on immunity and health
- abnormal number of T lymphocytes
- gut bacteria is vulnerable to pathogens
benefits of breastmilk
-study that proves this?
- stimulates good bacteria in the gut
- blood samples from mother-reared vs human-reared primates show that WBCs are low in human-reared primates and can’t go back to higher levels
epigenetics
- don’t change DNA but study what kinds of genes are expressed depending on early life experiences
- prenatal and early rearing environmental changes how genes are regulated
treatment/recovery options for detachment
-when should it be done?
- “together-together”
- playroom therapy
- grandparent therapy
- dog-reared monkeys
- *must be done before 1 yr of life
“together-together” therapy
- peer reared monkeys
- not great but better than nothing
playroom therapy
-can largely make up for absence
grandparent therapy
-grandma or any old monkey
dog reared monkeys
- works well
- can’t form very complex relationships, but they can form relationships in general
effect of grandparent therapy on grandparent
- suppresses immune system
- already extending life span for monkeys,so adding young is taxing
study that shows how grandparent therapy affects immunity
- if grandma had an “out”/control over how much time she spent with grandkids, didn’t affect community
- Coe lab used tunnel with grandma’s apartment
best situation for elderly monkeys?
- 2 older monkeys living together
- best immune response
infant preferences
- own species
- prefer adult females to males
infant preferences
- own species
- prefer adult females to males
Biological and social predictors of immune senescence in the aged primate-rdg
- NK and IL are useful bio markers of predicting health and longevity
- more NK at older age
- immune responses in older animals are sensitive to small changes like location and illness
