Conservation Flashcards
John Muir
- UW alum 1864
- promoted US national park system
Major players in Wisconsin conservation
- John muir
- aldo Leopoldo
- Gaylord Nelson
Aldo Leopold
- land stewardship
- UW professor
Gaylord Nelson
- Former governor and senator for Wisconsin
- earth day 1970
- Nelson center on campus
UW connections to conservation
- George Schaller
- Karen Strier
George Schaller
- UW zoology phd
- ethologist
- worked with mountain gorillas
Karen Strier
- put muiriqui on map
- land set aside in brazil for spider monkey
- population has grown
Birute Galdikas
-orangutan rehab
Jane Goodall
- Goodall institute
- roots and shoots
What percentage of total primate species are endangered? How many species are there?
-48% of 643 species
Russ mittermeir
- conservation international
- field study in Suriname
- vertical distribution
- looked at how many species were in Brazil, Madagascar and Indonesia
- 11% critically endangered
- 22% endangered
- 15% vulnerable
Endangered categories
- 0-1000: aye-aye; silky sifaka, golden lion tamarin, lion tailed macaque, mountain gorilla
- 1000-10000
- less than 100,000
- less than 300,000
Most endangered prosimian?
Aye-aye
Silky sifaka is also endangered
1000-10,000
- all gibbons
- cotton-topped tamarin
- Sumatran orangutan
Less than 100,000
- langurs
- proboscis
Less than 300,000
Chimpanzee
Affect of humans on primate habitat
- 80% of habitat used by humans
- 6 genera and 14 species lost because of humans
Population growth affect on primate populations
- madagascars human population has grown
- more human invasion
Primates used in research-which areas
- polio research-rhesus monkeys
- cancer research-cotton-topped tamarins
Primates in the pet trade
- primate: zoos, collectors
- Michael Jackson and j biebs
- 1983-60 lion tamarins shipped off to Europe and Japan from brazil
Natural disasters
- forest fires in orangutan habitat
- salinization of amboseli due to drought and loss of forest
Ecological disasters
- war-Vietnam
- deforestation
Effects of deforestation
- amazon losing more than 5000 ft per day
- costa docs once 95% forest is now 35%
- slash/burn agriculture
- lumbering for hard woods
- damn for hydroelectric power
- hunting for bush meat
Charles southwick - fixing the peoblem
- did survey in India of rhesus monkeys
- found there were less than expected
- changed government policy-for exportation banned
National parks - fixing the problem
- areas of high species diversity (korup park in Cameron’s est 1986)
- protect habitat of most endangered species
Expansion of national park in republic of Congo - fixing the problem
- novable-Ndoki national park now includes govalouga triangle
- need more land to protect chimps
- belo monte dam on river
Primate perspective - fixing the problem
- effective breeding population
- size of range to be protected - carrying capacity
Effective breeding population
-need more than 500 individuals to maintain genetic diversity for natural population
Education - fixing the problem
- especially in countries of Origin
- pests on basis of ecotourism
- ie using muriqui as a mascot for brazil Olympics
Personal conservation - fixing the problem
- reduce hardwood use in construction
- restrict/prohibit pet trade
- better control of poaching /hunting
Palm oil plantations
-detrimental to orangutan habitat
Creating corridors
- Karen Strier
- between pieces of forest
Rehab programs and reserves
-what kinds of places is this used for
-for places with no forest left
Returning to the wild
- breeding in national zoo and releasing into wild
- pair captive one with wild one -do better
Susan Boinsky
- costa Rica
- 3000-10,000 squirrel monkeys
Chinese government
-claims there are 200,000 rhesus monkeys but where are they?
Mapping African forest
- alarming decline in chimps in core d’ivoire
- Ebola epidemic affected chimps and gorillas
Orangutan relative endangerment
- Sumatran orangutan more endangered than Borneo orangutan
- found 3rd orangutan (black) in Borneo thanks to survey
Primates they thought were extinct but are not
- hairy eared dwarf lemur
- Pygmy tarsier
- Tonkin snub-nosed lemur
- cao vit gibbon
Anna nekaris
Worked with slow loris
Model country for ecotourism
Costa Rica
Long yongchen
-yunnan golden monkey
Tension in the field focused on…
Animal welfare and animal rights
Where do we look for guidance?
- bible
- law
What does the bible say about animals?
- humans decide what to do with them
- but we should care for them
Matthew Hiasal Pan
Guy who wanted to leave trust fund to dog
-court ruled no
Great ape project
- 3 rights?
- end result?
- they have the right to life, liberty and protection from torture
- endorsed by Spain first
- resulted in chimps not being used for biomedical research
Other side of the argument-against animal research
- in humane
- redundant
- irrelevant
- unregulated
- speciesist
How many animals are used in research each year
About 20 million
What percentage of animals tested are rats and mice
95%
How many monkeys were tested in 2000
100,000
-dogs, cats and monkeys combined = less than 1%
Alternatives to animal testing and research
- cell and tissue culture
- computer modeling
- use humans instead of animals
Cell and tissue culture - what test to use
- draize test: sees how toxic something is
- mostly used on rabbits
- LD50
ICCVAM authorization act of 2000
- interagency committee of the US
- brought about the 3 Rs: reduce, refine and replace
- reached federal government since 2000
Three Rs to guide alternative testing
- reduce
- refine
- replace
