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Primate Behavior 3 > Conservation > Flashcards

Conservation Flashcards

0
Q

John Muir

A
  • UW alum 1864

- promoted US national park system

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1
Q

Major players in Wisconsin conservation

A
  • John muir
  • aldo Leopoldo
  • Gaylord Nelson
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2
Q

Aldo Leopold

A
  • land stewardship

- UW professor

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3
Q

Gaylord Nelson

A
  • Former governor and senator for Wisconsin
  • earth day 1970
  • Nelson center on campus
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4
Q

UW connections to conservation

A
  • George Schaller

- Karen Strier

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5
Q

George Schaller

A
  • UW zoology phd
  • ethologist
  • worked with mountain gorillas
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6
Q

Karen Strier

A
  • put muiriqui on map
  • land set aside in brazil for spider monkey
  • population has grown
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7
Q

Birute Galdikas

A

-orangutan rehab

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8
Q

Jane Goodall

A
  • Goodall institute

- roots and shoots

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9
Q

What percentage of total primate species are endangered? How many species are there?

A

-48% of 643 species

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10
Q

Russ mittermeir

A
  • conservation international
  • field study in Suriname
  • vertical distribution
  • looked at how many species were in Brazil, Madagascar and Indonesia
  • 11% critically endangered
  • 22% endangered
  • 15% vulnerable
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11
Q

Endangered categories

A
  • 0-1000: aye-aye; silky sifaka, golden lion tamarin, lion tailed macaque, mountain gorilla
  • 1000-10000
  • less than 100,000
  • less than 300,000
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12
Q

Most endangered prosimian?

A

Aye-aye

Silky sifaka is also endangered

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13
Q

1000-10,000

A
  • all gibbons
  • cotton-topped tamarin
  • Sumatran orangutan
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14
Q

Less than 100,000

A
  • langurs

- proboscis

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15
Q

Less than 300,000

A

Chimpanzee

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16
Q

Affect of humans on primate habitat

A
  • 80% of habitat used by humans

- 6 genera and 14 species lost because of humans

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17
Q

Population growth affect on primate populations

A
  • madagascars human population has grown

- more human invasion

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18
Q

Primates used in research-which areas

A
  • polio research-rhesus monkeys

- cancer research-cotton-topped tamarins

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19
Q

Primates in the pet trade

A
  • primate: zoos, collectors
  • Michael Jackson and j biebs
  • 1983-60 lion tamarins shipped off to Europe and Japan from brazil
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20
Q

Natural disasters

A
  • forest fires in orangutan habitat

- salinization of amboseli due to drought and loss of forest

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21
Q

Ecological disasters

A
  • war-Vietnam

- deforestation

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22
Q

Effects of deforestation

A
  • amazon losing more than 5000 ft per day
  • costa docs once 95% forest is now 35%
  • slash/burn agriculture
  • lumbering for hard woods
  • damn for hydroelectric power
  • hunting for bush meat
23
Q

Charles southwick - fixing the peoblem

A
  • did survey in India of rhesus monkeys
  • found there were less than expected
  • changed government policy-for exportation banned
24
Q

National parks - fixing the problem

A
  • areas of high species diversity (korup park in Cameron’s est 1986)
  • protect habitat of most endangered species
25
Q

Expansion of national park in republic of Congo - fixing the problem

A
  • novable-Ndoki national park now includes govalouga triangle
  • need more land to protect chimps
  • belo monte dam on river
26
Q

Primate perspective - fixing the problem

A
  • effective breeding population

- size of range to be protected - carrying capacity

27
Q

Effective breeding population

A

-need more than 500 individuals to maintain genetic diversity for natural population

28
Q

Education - fixing the problem

A
  • especially in countries of Origin
  • pests on basis of ecotourism
  • ie using muriqui as a mascot for brazil Olympics
29
Q

Personal conservation - fixing the problem

A
  • reduce hardwood use in construction
  • restrict/prohibit pet trade
  • better control of poaching /hunting
30
Q

Palm oil plantations

A

-detrimental to orangutan habitat

31
Q

Creating corridors

A
  • Karen Strier

- between pieces of forest

32
Q

Rehab programs and reserves

-what kinds of places is this used for

A

-for places with no forest left

33
Q

Returning to the wild

A
  • breeding in national zoo and releasing into wild

- pair captive one with wild one -do better

34
Q

Susan Boinsky

A
  • costa Rica

- 3000-10,000 squirrel monkeys

35
Q

Chinese government

A

-claims there are 200,000 rhesus monkeys but where are they?

36
Q

Mapping African forest

A
  • alarming decline in chimps in core d’ivoire

- Ebola epidemic affected chimps and gorillas

37
Q

Orangutan relative endangerment

A
  • Sumatran orangutan more endangered than Borneo orangutan

- found 3rd orangutan (black) in Borneo thanks to survey

38
Q

Primates they thought were extinct but are not

A
  • hairy eared dwarf lemur
  • Pygmy tarsier
  • Tonkin snub-nosed lemur
  • cao vit gibbon
39
Q

Anna nekaris

A

Worked with slow loris

40
Q

Model country for ecotourism

A

Costa Rica

41
Q

Long yongchen

A

-yunnan golden monkey

42
Q

Tension in the field focused on…

A

Animal welfare and animal rights

43
Q

Where do we look for guidance?

A
  • bible

- law

44
Q

What does the bible say about animals?

A
  • humans decide what to do with them

- but we should care for them

45
Q

Matthew Hiasal Pan

A

Guy who wanted to leave trust fund to dog

-court ruled no

46
Q

Great ape project

  • 3 rights?
  • end result?
A
  • they have the right to life, liberty and protection from torture
  • endorsed by Spain first
  • resulted in chimps not being used for biomedical research
47
Q

Other side of the argument-against animal research

A
  • in humane
  • redundant
  • irrelevant
  • unregulated
  • speciesist
48
Q

How many animals are used in research each year

A

About 20 million

49
Q

What percentage of animals tested are rats and mice

A

95%

50
Q

How many monkeys were tested in 2000

A

100,000

-dogs, cats and monkeys combined = less than 1%

51
Q

Alternatives to animal testing and research

A
  • cell and tissue culture
  • computer modeling
  • use humans instead of animals
52
Q

Cell and tissue culture - what test to use

A
  • draize test: sees how toxic something is
  • mostly used on rabbits
  • LD50
53
Q

ICCVAM authorization act of 2000

A
  • interagency committee of the US
  • brought about the 3 Rs: reduce, refine and replace
  • reached federal government since 2000
54
Q

Three Rs to guide alternative testing

A
  • reduce
  • refine
  • replace

Primate Behavior 3 (5 decks)

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