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History > Early Elizabethan England > Flashcards

Early Elizabethan England Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the court?

A

Made up of noblemen who advised and entertained the queen

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2
Q

What was the Privy Council?

A

Members of the nobility who helped govern the country, there was 19

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3
Q

What was the Justices of the Peace?

A

Large landowners appointed by the government, kept law in order and heard court cases

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4
Q

What were Lord Lieutenants?

A

Noblemen who governed English counties

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5
Q

What was Parliament?

A

Advised Elizabeth’s government passed laws and approved taxes.
Only met 4 times in Elizabeth’s reign

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6
Q

Problems Elizabeth faced

A

Age
Financial weakness
Legitimacy
Religion
Gender

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7
Q

Issues with age

A

She was young

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8
Q

Issues with money

A

Crown was in debt by £300,000, crown only made £286,667 annually

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9
Q

Issues with legitimacy

A

Catholics view Elizabeth as a bastard as they didn’t recognise Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn’s marriage

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10
Q

Issues with religion

A

90% of England was catholic and Elizabeth was Protestant

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11
Q

Issues with gender

A

Many didn’t believe women were fit to rule especially after Mary I. Elizabeth was also unmarried.

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12
Q

Challenges abroad

A

French threat
Auld Alliance
France and Spain weren’t fighting

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13
Q

What was the religious settlement?

A

Aimed to establish a compromise (via media) that would be acceptable to both Protestants and Catholics

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14
Q

Features of the religious settlement

A

Act of uniformity - dictated the appearance of churches and how religious services were held
Act of Supremacy - Elizabeth became Supreme Governor of the church and all clergy and royal officials swore an oath of allegiance to her

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14
Q

What role did the church of England play?

A

Preached the government’s message
Provided guidance for communities
Enforced the religious settlement
Legitimised Elizabeth’s rule
Responsible for church courts

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14
Q

Why was MQoS important?

A

She was Catholic so may catholic nobles would support her claim to the throne
Her claim was strengthened as there was no concerns of her legitimacy unlike Elizabeth

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15
Q

Why did the Northern Earls rebel?

A

Restore the catholic faith
Restore the ancient nobility
Remove ‘evil disposed councillors’

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16
Q

What was the Northern Earl revolts and when did it happen?

A

Unsuccessful attempt from catholic nobles from the north to get rid of Elizabeth and replace her with MQoS in 1569

17
Q

Why did the Northern earl revolt fail?

A

Support from Spain never arrived
Many northern landowners were loyal to Elizabeth

18
Q

What happened in 1570?

A

Pope excommunicated Elizabeth

19
Q

When was the Ridolfi plot and what was the aim?

A

1571 Overthrow Elizabeth, put MQoS on the throne, restore Catholicism

20
Q

Consequence of the Ridolfi plot?

A

Duke of Norfolk was executed
Fines increased to £20 for recusants
Pope began to smuggle priests to England

21
Q

When was the Throckmorton plot and what was the aim?

A

1583 French Duke of Guise was to invade England, kill Elizabeth free Mary, Restore Catholicism

22
Q

Consequence of the Throckmorton plot?

A

Throckmorton was tortured, confessed and executed
Life became harder for Catholics, became punishable by death to help a catholic priest

23
Q

When was the Babington Plot and what was the aim?

A

1586 Duke of Guise planned to invade with 60,000 men, kill Elizabeth and put MQoS on the throne

24
Q

Consequence of the Babington plot?

A

Babington was hanged, drawn and quartered, MQoS was arrested, found guilty and executed
Persecution against recusants increased

25
Q

Who was Sir Francis Walsingham?

A

Elizabeth’s secretary of state who developed a network of spies to uncover plots

26
Q

Why was Sir Francis Walsingham important?

A

Helped defeat the Throckmorton and Babington plot
Deterred further plots against Elizabeth

27
Q

What was the ‘Singeing the King of Spain’s beard’?

A

Between 19 and 22 April 1587 Sir Francis Drake attacked Cadiz destroying 30 ships

28
Q

Reasons for English victory

A

Communication problems
English ships were better armed and equipped
The Spanish panicked
The weather
English tactics were superior
Spanish ships lacked supplies and provisions

29
Q

Consequence of the English victory

A

English navy strengthened
Elizabeth’s authority enhanced
Stronger alliances in Europe
Protestant cause stronger in Europe

30
Q

What was the basic literacy in Elizabethan England?

A

15-20%

31
Q

What was a Parish school?

A

Set up by the church to teach basic literacy to children of yeomen farmers and craftsman

32
Q

What were private tutors?

A

Delivered education privately to members of the nobility

33
Q

What were grammar schools?

A

Provided an education separate of the church and charged fees

34
Q

What were Petty schools?

A

Run privately from people’s homes

35
Q

Hobbies the nobility did?

A

Hunting, fishing, real tennis, bowls and fencing

36
Q

Hobbies the lower class did?

A

Football and wrestling

37
Q

Hobbies everyone did?

A

Baiting and cock fighting

38
Q

Reasons for poverty in Elizabethan England

A

Population growth
Growth of towns
Bad harvests
Economic recessions
Increasing demand for land

39
Q

Reasons for exploration during the Elizabethan Age

A

Expanding trade
Private investment
Improvements in ship design
Adventure
New technology

40
Q

When did Drake circumnavigate the globe?

A

December 1577 and September 1580

40
Q

Why was Virginia colonised?

A

Trade
England would become less dependent on Spain, France and Italy for imported goods
Welcoming and friendly natives
Colonising Virginia would provide a base to attack Spanish settlements and colonies
Easier to fund other ventures if successful

41
Q

Why did the colonisation of Virginia fail

A

Lack of food
Poor leadership
Lack of skills and experience
Native American attack
The war with Spain

History (7 decks)

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