Early Cold War and American Life in 1950s

Question 1

4 issues resolved at Yalta

Answer 1

1. Future of Eastern Europe
2. Division of Germany
3. Establishment of the United Nations
4. End of War with Japan

Question 2

Satellite Nations

Answer 2

Nations that appeared to be independent, but were really under Soviet control

• East Germany
• Poland
• Czechoslovakia
• Hungary
• Romania
• Bulgaria

Question 3

When was containment successful?

Answer 3

-Marshall Plan- sent economic aid to European countries (revitalized Europe’s economy; no country fell to communism)

Question 4

“Iron Curtain”

Answer 4

• Winston Churchill
• Response to Stalin’s speech
• Area of Eastern Europe controlled indirectly by USSR
• Cut off from western Europe

Question 5

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Answer 5

• Military alliance-1949
• Alliance/mutual defense pact to deter Soviet aggression and defend Europe
• Provided psychological barrier

Question 6

Chinese Civil War

Answer 6

• Mao Zedong (communist)
• Chiang Kai-shek (nationalist)
• Not a success for America/Nationalists
• China became communist (containment failed)

Question 7

Korean War

Answer 7

-Liberated South Korea, but North Korea remained communist- the goal was to unite the two into one

Question 8

38th Parallel

Answer 8

Served as the border between North and South Korea before and after the war

Question 9

Douglas MacArthur

Answer 9

• Put in charge of UN command in the Korean War
• Launched a counterattack with tanks, heavy artillery, and fresh troops
• Troops made an amphibious landing behind enemy lines at Inchon, other troops moved north from Pusan
• Half of the North Korean troops surrendered
• Saved army from defeat

Question 10

Outcome of Korean War

Answer 10

• Ended with an armistice

- Only a temporary measure provided for: suspension of open hostilities

Question 11

House Un-American Activities Committee

Answer 11

Congressional committee that investigated communist influence inside and outside the US government during the cold war

Question 12

Alger Hiss

Answer 12

Accused of spying for the Soviet Union and went to jail

Question 13

Julius Rosenberg

Answer 13

Accused of being communist, found guilty of espionage and sentenced to death

Question 14

Brinkmanship

Answer 14

• Used to protect Taiwan in 1954

- Policy based on the assumption that the US must be prepared to threaten war in order to contain communism

Question 15

Mutual assured destruction

Answer 15

-Policy under which the US or the Soviet Union would respond to a nuclear attack by launching its own missiles

Question 16

Warsaw pact

Answer 16

• Military alliance formed by Soviet Union
• Linked them to seven Eastern European countries
• Provided common defense for their members
• Formed in response to NATO

Question 17

Franchises

Answer 17

-Company that offers similar products or services in many locations

Question 18

Levittowns

Answer 18

-First planned community in the nation

Question 19

Termination Policy

Answer 19

Ended federal aid to tribes, withdrew federal land protection, distributed tribal land among individuals