Civil Rights Flashcards
1
Q
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka 1954
A
- NAACP sued Board of Edu. of Topeka
- Linda Brown traveled miles to school even though all-white school was a few 100 yards from home
- Test case to see if Supreme Court would continue segregation
- Schools ordered desegregated “with all deliberate speed”
2
Q
Montgomery Bus Cirisis
A
- Boycott led by Montgomery Improvement Association (headed by MLK)
- Boycott lasted 381 days
- Ended in 1956 when the Supreme Court found Alabama’s bus segregation laws unconstitutional
3
Q
“Little Rock Nine”
A
- Group of 9 African American students who volunteered to integrate Little Rock’s Central High School
- Gov. Orval Faubus ordered National Guard to turn them away
- Eisenhower sent paratroopers to the city and Faubus backed down
- Under the soldiers’ protection the “nine” attended class
- Civil Rights Act of 1957 gives the attorney general greater power over school desegregation
4
Q
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
A
- Use nonviolence to end segregation
- Centered around black churches
5
Q
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
A
- Centered around college students
- More confrontational strategy
6
Q
Sit-ins
A
- Started in 1960
- 4 African Americans stage a sit-in at Woolworth’s in Greensboro, NC
- Was a segregated lunch counter
- Led to a mass movement for civil rights using sit-ins across the nation
- Made impact on America because of tv coverage
7
Q
Freedom Rides
A
- CORE (Congress On Racial Equality) asks protesters to travel south to integrate bus terminals
- Teams became known as Freedom Riders
- Violence erupted in Alabama- televised violence shocked many Americans
- Kennedy compelled to control violence with Fed. Marshals
8
Q
Ole Miss
A
- James Meredith- air force veteran, won court case to enroll at all-white U. of Mississippi
- Gov. Ross Barnet refused to let him register, called on white Mississippians to demonstrate in response to Kennedy’s federal Marshals, riots broke out (killing two)
- Fed. Marshals protected Meredith and family while he attended classes
9
Q
Bull Connor
A
Used new tactics to control crowds
- Police use fire hoses and police dogs
- Tactics raise sympathy for protestors
10
Q
Children demonstrations in Birmingham
A
- Marked a turning point in the protest
- Children from age 6-18
- Difficult decision for protest leaders
- Overwhelmed the jails with their numbers
11
Q
Civil Rights Act of 1964
A
- President Kennedy agreed to it
- Ended segregation in public areas
- Prohibits discrimination base on race, religion, national origin, and gender
12
Q
March on Washington
A
August 28, 1963- 250k people march for a civil rights bill
- King delivered “I have a dream” speech
- Inspires Civil Rights Act of 1964
13
Q
Voting Rights Acts of 1965
A
ended local attempts to restrict African-Americans from voting
14
Q
Black Panthers
A
- Political party advocating self-sufficiency for African Americans
- often clashed with the police
- believed a revolution was needed to gain equal rights
15
Q
Nation of Islam
A
- Want blacks to separate from white society- no assimilation
- leadership split over differenced in strategy and beliefs
