Early Challenges Of The WR 1919-23 Flashcards
When was the TOV signed ?
28 June 1919
What was the TOV based on?
Wilsons 14 Points
Return land that they had conquered
What did Germany lose ?
13% of its land
48% of its iron production
6 million citizens
Name some terms of the TOV
Article 231 - war guilt clause Colonies were given to the allies Alsase Lorraine was returned to France Saar Coalfields were given to France Rhineland demilitarized Reparations - 6.6 billion Cattle and sheep were given to Belgium and France
Army :
100 000 men
No tanks, planes, submarines
6 battleships
What was the stab in the back theory?
The right wing ( Hitler) used the stab in the back theory to discredit the government
Germans believed the November criminals stabbed Germany in the back when they signed the TOV
Why were the Weimar politicians detested ?
For singing the TOV
Introducing higher taxes in order to pay the reparations
Why did Ebert make a deal with Groener?
Because of the fear of revolution they agreed that the army would support the government against revolution and Eber would support and supply the army
How did this deal affect the Weimar Republic ?
The government became dependent on the army and therefore this weakened the authority of the Weimar Republic and make it look weaker.
Who led the Spartacist Uprising ?
Karl Liebknecht
Rosa Luxemburg
What was the Spartacist aim ?
To overthrow Ebert and the Weimar government in order to create a communist state
Was the Spartacist uprising successful ?
The reichswer and the freikorps put down the rebellion
Failure - within days it was over
Success - inspired uprisings
When was the uprising Spartacist?
January 1919
When was the Kapp Putsch?
March 1920
Who were the original leaders of the Kapp Putsch ?
Wolfgang Kapp - leading politician in Berlin
Ehrhardt - leader of Berlin freikorps
What was their aim? What made them do it ?
Aim was to form a right-wing government
The Weimar government announced they would decrease size of army and disband the freikorps
What did they stress on to convince the public ?
Severity of the TOV
Communist threat
Stab in the back theory
Why did the Reichswer not put down the uprising ?
General Luttwitz supported it
Commander-in-Chief, von Seekt, said - “Reichswer does not fire on Reichswer”
What happened after Kapps forces successfully seized Berlin?
The Weimar government moved to Dresden and then to Stuttgart
How was the Kapp uprising stopped ?
Workers in Berlin didn’t support it and organized a strike
Why the the French and Belgian troops occupy the Ruhr?
Germany was unable to pay the reparations therefore the troops occupied Germany’s main industrial area and took whatever they needed instead of waiting for Germany
They too needed to pay their own debts to the USA
Passive resistance
Non violent refusal to cooperate
What did the German workers do ?
Went on strike
Set factories on fire
Sabotaged pumps to make floods
What did this occupation result in?
United Germans in their hatred for the French and Belgians
Strikers were seen as heroes
Hyperinflation - government keep paying the workers without them working
Who did the people blame for hyperinflation ?
Weimar politicians
Hyperinflation didn’t benefit ..
People on a fixed income
People with saving
Retired people with fixed pensions
Hyperinflation benefited…
Businessmen were able to pay their debts
Rise in prices - helped farmers
Foreigners
Define hyperinflation
A period of rapidly accelerating inflation where the price of goods rises and money loses its value
Who became Chancellor in the Summer of 1923?
Gustav Stresemann
