EaR - Stats + Quotes Flashcards
REEF - Climate change, sea surface temperature
“The average sea surface temperature in the GBR has risen substantially over the past century” - GBRMPA, 2017
REEF - value
“The GBR has an economic [and] social … Asset value of $56 billion” - Deloitte Access Economics, 2017
REEF - coral loss
GBR lost almost half its coral cover since 1985 - QLD Govt, 2017
REEF - climate change, relationship betw. biophysical components
“loss of coral… has affected… Symbiosis, particle feeding, primary production, … and reef building” - GBRMPA Outlook report, 2021
REEF - GBR, how large?
~350 000 sq km (approx. same size as Japan)
REEF - GBR, how many individual reefs?
> 3000
REEF - GBR, how many marine species (not including microbes + plankton)?
> 9000 (GBRMPA)
REEF - GBR, Cyclone Debbie damaged %? year? reefs?
> 95% in 2017, some reefs of Whitsundays (Australian Institute of Marine Science
REEF - GBR, cyclones responsible for how much coral loss?
48% (Australian Institute of Marine Science, 1985-2012)
DUNE - length
10.4km
DUNE - avg annual temp
13-22 deg cels
DUNE - storms create how much wave energy reaching NSW coast?
3/4 (nsw govt 2019)
DUNE - worldwide sandy shore intensity in rate of change
> 50% of the world’s sandy shores suffered chronic + severe rates of change in the past 30 years - World Ocean Assessment 2021
DUNE - storms impact on foredune (Nigel quote)
“with the storms… the foredune doesn’t get a chance to recover” - Nigel McDonnell, Blacksmiths Dunecare leader
DUNE - height before sand mining, then today
10-12m in 1941 (nsw govt 1941), 2-3m today
DUNE - how much bitou in 1990?
1990 - 90% NSW coastline affected by bitou infestation (dunecare 1990)
DUNE - impact of cool burning
“in 10 years… we will see a real difference” - BLALC member, 2018
DUNE - how long to remove bitou @ blacksmiths by bushcare
19 years of bushcare to eradicate 99% - nigel mcdonnell 2019
REEF - % business agricultural surrounding
80% - GBRMPA 2018
REEF - threat of climate change to reef
“climate change remains the reef’s greatest threat” - Outlook Report 2019
REEF - how many targets got an awful grade on the report card?
9/12 targets received a D/E grade on the Reef 2050 Water Quality Improvement Plan in 2019
REEF - % ocean floor covered in reefs
less than 1%
REEF - COTS potential destroy how much coral? (%)
90% in one reef (GBR foundation 2022)
What’s the new species of coral called and what are some things about it
Acropora. Pioneer species after bleaching/storm events, doesn’t form lithosphere effectively because it’s soft. Plating makes it seem like there’s more than there actually is
REEF - zoning: Raine island status, quote about fish for efficacy
Raine island: green zone - marine national park zone (restrictions, turtle nesting ground)
Efficacy: fish numbers + average size are increasing (GBRMPA 2020)
REEF - zoning evaluation –> negative
During the 2016-17 bleaching event, zoning did not protect the reef from extreme temperatures - GBRMPA
REEF - Trad. man. view of indigenous people
“The sea… and our identity as traditional owners is inseparable” - Girrigun Aboriginal
REEF - cont. management, education programs for cane farmers
Project Catalyst + Cane Changer
REEF - COTS culling success
COTS numbers were successfully reduced to sustainable levels for coral at 79% of the cull sites actioned btwn
CD - Delaware cost of program
$20 mil so far
REEF - Beqa reef, Fiji, how much damage from COTS?
40% total coral loss - Pacific Blue 2022
