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Principles I* > E4- Regional Neuroanatomy : Upper > Flashcards

E4- Regional Neuroanatomy : Upper Flashcards

1
Q

A positional word that means near the front end of the body, especially in the region of the nose and mouth.

A
  • Rostral
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2
Q

A positional word that means at or near the tail or the posterior part of the body.

A
  • Caudal/Caudad
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3
Q

Cephalad

A
  • Word used to refer to something superior and anterior of the body.

similar to rostral

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4
Q

Describe the anatomical position.

A
  • Face forward
  • Standing up straight
  • Palms out on the anterior plane
  • Thumbs extend laterally
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5
Q

A word that describes something sensory and peripheral. Something that might feel pain.

A
  • Cutaneous

The other conduction in the peripheral system will be motor.

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6
Q

A term that describes bundles of neurons and axons outside the CNS.

A
  • Nerve

vs tract

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7
Q

A term that describes bundles of neurons and axons within the CNS.

A
  • Tracts

vs nerve

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8
Q

What is a ganglia?

A
  • Bundles of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

vs nuclei

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9
Q

What is a nuclei?

A
  • Bundle of cell bodies within the CNS.

vs ganglia

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10
Q

_______ come together to make a Root.

A
  • Rootlets
  • individual bundles of neurons coming out of spinal cord
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11
Q

***

Where is the spinal ganglion located?

A
  • Within the posterior root
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12
Q

The junction of the posterior root and anterior root will be called the ________.

A
  • Spinal Nerve
  • This point will be the start of the Peripheral Nervous System
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13
Q

The anterior of the spinal cord will be connected to the ______ system.

A
  • Motor System (Efferent)
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14
Q

The posterior of the spinal cord will be connected to the ______ system.

A
  • Sensory System (Afferent)
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15
Q

What will be the first branch off of spinal nerve?
Function?

A
  • Posterior Ramus
  • sensory component for backside (posterior)
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16
Q

What will be the second projection of the spinal nerve?
Function?

A
  • Anterior Ramus
  • motor output, sensory input, + branch of the autonomic nervous system.
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17
Q

Of the two spinal nerve projections, which one is larger?

A
  • Anterior Ramus
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18
Q

How does the Anterior Ramus connect to the sympathetic chain (sympathetic ganglion)?

A
  • Gray Ramus Communicans (proximal)
  • White Ramus Communicans (distal)

Chain = inside of thorax, neck, abdomen

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19
Q

Route from rootlet to sympathetic chain

A
  • Rootlet  root  spinal nerve  posterior / anterior rami  gray / white rami communicons  sympathetic chain
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20
Q

How is sacrum different from rest of spine?

A
  • superior spine = spinal nerves out of intervertebral foramen
  • sacrum = posterior rami out posterior foramina ,, anterior rami out anterior sacral foramina
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21
Q

Explain why the left sympathetic chain is more posterior and lateral on the spinal column than the right.

A
  • The aorta sits on the left side of the vertebral body and pushes the left sympathetic chain (left spinal ganglia) posteriorly and laterally during development.
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22
Q

What are the branches of the posterior ramus?

A
  • Medial branch of the Posterior Rami
  • Lateral branch of the Posterior Rami

Primarilysensory

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23
Q

What are the branches of the anterior ramus?

A
  • Anterior Cutaneous Branch - front + midline
  • Lateral Cutaneous Branch - sides
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24
Q

What is another name for the anterior ramus?

A
  • Intercostal nerve

The intercostal nerve usually sits INFERIOR its correspondivng rib cage.

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25
Q

What is the subcostal nerve?

A

Intercostal nerves below the true ribs of rib cage
rib 10-12

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26
Q

Spinal nerve C8 exits from _________ (above/below) vertebrae C7.

A
  • Below
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27
Q

Spinal nerve C1 through C7 exit from _______ (above/below) its corresponding cervical vertebrae.

A
  • Above
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28
Q

The thoracic spinal nerves T1 to T12 exit from ______- (above/below) the corresponding thoracic vertebrae.

A
  • Below
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29
Q

The spinal nerves L1 to L5 exit from ______- (above/below) the corresponding lumbar vertebrae.

A
  • Below
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30
Q

Spinal Nerve Pairs:
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacral
- Coccygeal

A
  • 8 pairs of Cervical Spinal Nerves
  • 12 pairs of Thoracic Spinal Nerves
  • 5 pairs of Lumbar Spinal Nerves
  • 5 pairs of Sacral Spinal Nerves
  • 1 pair of Coccygeal Spinal Nerves
  • 31 pairs total
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31
Q

Where do the cervical spinal nerves provide sensory innervation to?

A
  • Most of the head and upper extremities
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32
Q

Where do the thoracic spinal nerves provide sensory innervation to?

A
  • Portion of the upper extremity
  • Large portion of the torso
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33
Q

Where do the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves provide sensory innervation to?

A
  • Lower extremity
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34
Q

Label 1

A
  • Posterior Rootlets
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35
Q

Label 2

A
  • Posterior Root (with spinal ganglion)
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36
Q

Label 3

A
  • Spinal Nerve
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37
Q

Label 4

A
  • Posterior Ramus
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38
Q

Label 5

A
  • Anterior Ramus
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39
Q

Label 6

A
  • Gray Ramus Communicans
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40
Q

Label 7

A
  • White Ramus Communicans
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41
Q

Label 8

A
  • Sympathetic ganglion
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42
Q

Label 9

A
  • Meningeal branch
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43
Q

Label 10

A
  • Anterior Root
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44
Q

Label 11

A
  • Anterior Rootlets
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45
Q

Label 1 + 2

A
  • Anterior Cutaneous Branch
  • Lateral Cutaneous Branch

Of anterior rami

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46
Q

Label 3

A

Anterior Ramus

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47
Q

Label 4

A
  • Meningeal Branch
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48
Q

Label 5

A
  • Medial Branch
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49
Q

Label 6

A
  • Lateral Branch
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50
Q

Label 7

A
  • Posterior Ramus
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51
Q

Label 1

A
  • Posterior Ramus
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52
Q

Label 2

A
  • Anterior Ramus (Intercostal Nerve)
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53
Q

Label 3

A
  • Lateral Cutaneous Branch
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54
Q

Label 4

A
  • Anterior Cutaneous Branch
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55
Q

Label 1

A
  • Medial branch
56
Q

Label 2

A
  • Lateral cutaneous branch
57
Q

Label 3

A
  • Superior clunial nerve
58
Q

Label 4

A
  • Middle clunial nerve
59
Q

Label 5

A
  • Supraclavicular nerve
60
Q

Label 6

A
  • Axillary nerve
61
Q

Label 7

A
  • Intercostal nerve (lateral cutaneous branch)
62
Q

Label 8

A
  • Iliohypogastric nerve
63
Q

What dermatome landmark will be T4?

A
  • Nipple Line
64
Q

What dermatome landmark will be T6?

A
  • Xiphoid Process
65
Q

What dermatome landmark will be T10?

A
  • Umbilicus
66
Q

The anterior roots of C3, C4, and C5 combine and form the ______ nerve.

A
  • Phrenic Nerve
67
Q

Spinal Nerves C3, C4, C5 will run under what cervical vertebrae?

A
  • Vertebrae C2, C3, and C4
68
Q

Which cervical spinal nerve is not sensory?

A

C1 - not on dermatome

69
Q

The occipital nerves are named based on what factors?

A
  • Size and Position

For example, the Greater Occipital Nerve is very large, and it covers a large portion of the back of the head.

70
Q

The Greater Occipital Nerve originates from what spinal nerve?

A
  • Spinal Nerve C2

Superior + LARGEST

71
Q

The 3rd Occipital Nerve originates from what spinal nerve?

A
  • Spinal Nerve C3
72
Q

What nerve will provide sensory innervation to the top of the shoulder?

A
  • Supraclavicular Nerve
73
Q

The Suboccipital Nerve originates from what spinal nerve?

A
  • Spinal Nerve C1
74
Q

Where does the suboccipital nerve provide sensory innervation to?
Originates from?

A
  • It doesn’t. It is PURELY MOTOR.
  • This nerve (C1) is not part of the cutaneous innervation.
  • No dermatome for C1
75
Q

Label 1

A
  • Lesser occipital nerve
76
Q

Label 2

A
  • Suboccipital nerve (C1)
77
Q

Label 3

A
  • Great auricular nerve
78
Q

Label 4

A
  • Greater occipital nerve (C2)
79
Q

Label 5

A
  • 3rd Occipital Nerve
80
Q

Label 6

A
  • Supraclavicular Nerve
81
Q

Label 7

A
  • C5 Spinal Nerve of the Posterior Ramus
82
Q

Label 1

A
  • 3rd occipital nerve
83
Q

Label 2

A
  • Greater occipital nerve
84
Q

Label 3

A
  • Lesser occipital nerve
85
Q

Label 4

A
  • Great auricular nerve
86
Q

The trapezius muscle is used as an accessory for ventilation. It receives input from what nerve?

A
  • Accessory Nerve
87
Q

What are the accessory muscles of exhalation?

A
  • Abdominal Muscles
  • External Oblique
  • Internal Oblique
88
Q

Label 1

A
  • Supraclavicular Nerve
89
Q

Label 2

A
  • Anterior cutaneous branch
90
Q

Label 3

A
  • Lateral cutaneous branch
91
Q

Label 4

A
  • Intercostal nerve / anterior ramus
92
Q

Label 5

A
  • Iliohypogastric Nerve
93
Q

The dorsal part of the spinal cord is routed through the __________.

A
  • Posterior Ramus
94
Q

Posterior Ramus C1
Nerve:
Sensory Function:
Motor Function:

A

Posterior Ramus C1
Nerve: Suboccipital Nerve
Sensory Function: No C1 dermatome
Motor Function: Innervates Intrinsic Nuchal Muscles

95
Q

Posterior Ramus C2
Nerve:
Sensory Function:
Motor Function:

A

Posterior Ramus C2
Nerve: Greater occipital nerve
Sensory Function: Innervate C2 dermatome
Motor Function: Innervates Intrinsic Nuchal Muscles

96
Q

Posterior Ramus C3
Nerve:
Sensory Function:
Motor Function:

A

Posterior Ramus C3
Nerve: 3rd occipital nerve
Sensory Function: Innervate C3 dermatome
Motor Function: Innervates Intrinsic Nuchal Muscles

MIXED nerve

97
Q

Where does the Phrenic nerve originate?

A

from anterior rami of C3, C4, C5

98
Q

What are the four nerves of the cervical plexus?

A
  • Lesser occipital nerve (C2)
  • Great auricular nerve (C2,C3)
  • Transverse cervical nerve (C2,C3)
  • Supraclavicular nerve (C3,C4)

A cervical plexus = C2-C4

These four nerves can arise from the anterior ramus of spinal nerve C2, C3, or C4.

99
Q

Where is the origin of the supraclavicular nerve?

A
  • Spinal Nerve C3 and C4
100
Q

Where does the transverse cervical nerve provide sensory information?

A
  • Anterior and medial part of the neck
101
Q

Where is the origin of the transverse cervical nerve?

A
  • Spinal Nerve C2 and C3
102
Q

Where is the origin of the great auricular nerve?

A
  • Spinal Nerve C2 and C3
103
Q

Where is the origin of the lesser occipital nerve?

A
  • Spinal Nerve C2
104
Q

Where does the lesser occipital nerve provide sensory information?

A
  • lateral neck to right above the earlobe
105
Q

Label the nerves of the cervical plexus 1-4.

A
  • 1: Lesser occipital nerve
  • 2: Great auricular nerve
  • 3: Transverse cervical nerve
  • 4: Supraclavicular nerve
106
Q

Label the nerve that best corresponds with 1-4.

A
  • 1: Transverse cervical nerve
  • 2: Lesser occipital nerve
  • 3: Great auricular nerve
  • 4 : Supraclavicular nerve
107
Q

What neck muscle does the phrenic nerve sit on?
Next to?

A
  • Anterior Scalene Muscle
  • Middle Scalene muscle
  • Rides in groove bw
108
Q

Where are the two proximal connection points of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A
  • Connection point on at the sternum
  • Connection point on the clavicle - extends lateral + posterior
109
Q

What are the spinal nerves that contribute to the brachial plexus?

A
  • Spinal Nerve C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1
  • Anterior Rami of the Spinal Nerves
110
Q

What is the potential space between the anterior and middle scalene muscle called?

Why is this potential space important?

A
  • Interscalene space
  • This space can be utilized to perform a scalene brachial plexus block
111
Q

Mneumonic to remember splitting of brachial plexus

A

Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beer
* Anterior Rami  Trunks  Divisions  Cords  branches

112
Q

What are the trunks of the brachial plexus?

A
  • Upper: Rami C5 + C6
  • Middle: Rami C7
  • Lower: Rami C8 and T1
113
Q

What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?

A
  • 6 Divisions, each trunk forms one anterior and one posterior division.
    o Ea trunk splits into two  forming anterior + posterior divisions
    o Upper trunk  anterior + posterior division
    o Middle trunk  anterior + posterior division
    o Lower trunk  anterior + posterior division
114
Q

The divisions combine to form ______.
Name them.

A
  • CORDS
    • 3 posterior divisions combine to form Posterior Cord
  • 2 anterior divisions from upper + middle trunk combine to form Lateral Cord
    o C5-C7
  • 1 anterior division from C8-T1 forms the Medial Cord
115
Q

What components are in the supraclavicular regions of the brachial plexus?

A
  • Anterior Rami (C5-T1)
  • The Trunks (Upper, Middle, Lower)
  • The Divisions (6 divisions)
116
Q

What components are in the infraclavicular regions of the brachial plexus?

A
  • Lateral Cord
  • Posterior Cord
  • Medial Cord
117
Q

The posterior cord splits to give us what two nerves?

A
  • Axillary nerve
  • Radial nerve
118
Q

The lateral cord splits to give us what two nerves?

A
  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • Lateral Root (a portion of the median nerve)
119
Q

The lateral root will combine with the median root to form what nerve?

A
  • Median Nerve
120
Q

The medial cord splits to give us what two nerves?

A
  • Ulnar Nerve
  • Median Root (a portion of the median nerve)
121
Q

What two nerves does the median nerve sit between?

A
  • Ulnar Nerve
  • Radial Nerve
122
Q

5 Terminal Brachial Plexus Nerves
Which ones are smaller vs. larger

A

small = axillary + musculocutaneous
larger = radial, median, ulnar

123
Q

Mneumonic for Brachial Plexus

A
  • YOUTUBE VIDEO :: 3 musketeers ,, 2 were assassinated – 4 men , 5 rats , 3 unicorns
    o # fingers C5-T1
    o 3 = musculocutaneous
    o 2 = axillary
    o 4 = median
    o 5 = radial
    o 3 = ulnar
124
Q

The axillary nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?

A
  • C5
  • C6
125
Q

The radial nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?

A
  • C5
  • C6
  • C7
  • C8
  • T1
126
Q

The ulnar nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?

A
  • C7
  • C8
  • T1
127
Q

The median nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?

A
  • C6
  • C7
  • C8
  • T1
128
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?

A
  • C5
  • C6
  • C7
129
Q

What sensory branch is innervated by the axillary nerve?

A
  • Superior lateral brachial cutaneous (lateral deltoid)
130
Q

What are the anterior cutaneous regions that the radial nerve innervates?

A
  • Lateral Superior Thumb
  • Lateral Anterior Biceps/Triceps
131
Q

What are the posterior cutaneous regions that the radial nerve innervates?

A
  • Lateral Posterior Triceps
  • Middle Posterior Forearm
  • Posterior Thumb and First 2 Fingers
132
Q

What sensory branch is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?

A
  • Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve (anterior lateral forearm)
  • Very small posterior of the posterior forearm
133
Q

What are the anterior cutaneous regions that the ulnar nerve innervates?

A
  • Medial palmer surface of last two fingers
  • Anterior medial wrist
134
Q

What are the posterior cutaneous regions that the ulnar nerve innervates?

A
  • Medial Posterior Wrist
  • Most of the last 2 Fingers
135
Q

What are the posterior cutaneous regions that the median nerve innervates?

A
  • Posterior fingertips of first two digits
  • Proper palmar digital nerves
136
Q

What are the anterior cutaneous regions that the median nerve innervates?

A
  • Most of the palm
  • Anterior thumb
  • Anterior surface of first two fingers
  • Small section of the anterior wrist
  • Palmar branch of the median nerve
  • Common and proper palmar digital nerve
137
Q

Label 1

A
  • Anterior Cutaneous Branch

Principles I* (20 decks)

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